Influence of Coping Strategies on Stress--论文代写范文

不应该忽略一个事实是学生可能低估了这些策略的使用，虽然保证他们的信息保密。然而,考虑到宗教因素,大多数的学生是来自伊斯兰国家。下面的essay代写范文进行论述。

Abstract
  The five most common coping sub scales used by the respondents in this study were Planning, Religion, Active coping, Acceptance and Positive reframing. Planning and Active coping were categorized as “Problem-focused coping" focused coping” and were the most common among the five coping strategies used by the students. Then followed by “Emotionfocused coping” focused coping” (Religion and Positive reframing) and “Probably adaptive coping” (Acceptance).None of the of the five most popular coping strategy is a maladaptive coping strategy. The adaptive coping scale tended to be linked with the desirable outcome [3] and would have lower levels of psychological distress. 

  However, postgraduate international students in this study seemed to use similar strategies less frequently, as both the Instrumental support and the Emotional support came only at the seventh and eighth orders of popularity, respectively. The drug and alcohol abuse was least to be reported by the graduate students in their study. Self- distraction, Self-blame and Denial showed a significant stress prediction, while the used of any of these three strategies distinguished an association to increase odds of having stress. 

  Although it was encouraging to find that international students in this campus tended to use these three maladaptive strategies less frequently, one should not overlook the fact that the students might have underreported their use of such strategies despite being assured confidentiality of their information. Nevertheless, taken that into account, religion is among the five most common coping scales, and that majority of the students are coming from the Islamic countries. These criteria had somehow contributed to a low rate of substance abuse, particularly alcohol, and nevertheless, proved reasonable finding.

 Coping and Gender 
  Gender had no impact on the coping strategies, although frequencies on usage of different copings varied between male and female students, with no significant differences in the use of broad coping, category across gender was found [7]. Female postgraduate students reported greater use of venting emotion to cope with stress, while male students tended to use less self-blame, venting of emotions and behavioural disengagement and used more active coping, positive reframing, planning, and acceptance [14].

 Coping across Nationality Groups 
  Students with different nationalities were found to be different only in the use of Venting and Positive reframing. Asian students tended to use Positive reframing more than Arab students, and Iranians used Venting significantly more than Asians. Such results could help in tailoring some intervention in order to suit students of different nationalities, for instance. Arab students might need the promotion of positive reframing strategies.

 Differences in Coping among Students in Various Study 
  Programs Significant differences between international postgraduate students in different study programs were observed in four coping strategies, these were Denial, Behavioural disengagements, Venting and Humor. Students in non-clinical programs tended to use each of these coping strategies significantly more frequent than the students in clinical programs did. It is worth paying attention to three out of these four coping strategies that are categorized under the “probably maladaptive coping," these are Denial, Behavioural disengagements, Venting. Since maladaptive, coping is associated with negative outcomes, this information might be relevant for planning and tailoring stress management programs, in order to promote other, adaptive and active coping strategies among all international students with more focus on those in the nonclinical programs. 

  These findings perhaps might explain why, though contrary to expectations, stress prevalence among students in the non-clinical programs was approaching and exceeding that of clinical trainee students, based on the fact that denial was one of the significant strategies of stress found in this study. On the other hand, these findings had distinguished that the same four strategies, including the three maladaptive ones, were used significantly less among students in clinical programs, which sounded positive.

 Study limitations 
  The cross-sectional design adapted in this study allows only for estimating associations rather than cause and effect relationships. Other limitations are related to the tool used for data collection, as questionnaires might be associated with bias element such as the recall bias. The small sample size, together with the fact that the study was conducted only in UKMMC, Cheras Campus, have both, limited the external validity. Consequently, the results of this study cannot be generalized on all international students in Malaysian higher educational institutions or in other countries. Conclusion The study was in line with many other researchers that showed the influence of maladaptive strategy's on stress. Selfdistraction, Self-blame and Denial had proven a significant association to stress. In contrast to many other studies, coping strategies did not vary across gender; however, variation in coping was evident across the study programs and the nationality groups.

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