Stress level and the common coping strategies--论文代写范文

当压力达到反复出现或持续的高水平,这可能导致广泛的负面影响,这不仅是个人,还有她或他的家庭。下面的essay代写范文继续论述。

Abstract 
  Objectives: This study was to determine the stress level, and the common coping strategies used by the international postgraduate students in UKMMC, Cheras campus Kuala Lumpur to alleviate their stress. Methods: A cross-sectional study to determine the stress-level was conducted among the international postgraduate students in UKMMC, Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. A selfadministrated questionnaire was instituted, including fundamental data on socio demographic data of the respondents, the stress level using Kessler Psychological Distress scale (K10) and the Brief Cope scale. Results: A total of 126 respondents with responding rate of 82.9% participated in this study. 

  Mean age of respondents was 35.20 + 5.52 years with slightly more than half of them aged between 30-39 years. Majority were Arabic students (52.4%) followed by Iranian (27.8%) and Asian students (19.8%). The stress prevalence among the students was 54.8%.Out of the fourteen coping strategies, three werefound to be effective in managing their stress, which include self-distraction (OR= 1.48, 95% CI = 1.03–2.22), denial (OR= 1.57, 95% CI = 1.11–2.22), and self-blame (OR= 1.66, 95% CI= 1.21–2.28). Conclusion: Half of the post graduates students at UKMMC had some form of stress. Self-distraction, denial, and self-blame are the strategists used to alleviatethe stress among the post graduates students. Further study is recommended to measure the effectiveness of these strategists in order to overcome their stress level. ASEAN Journal of Psychiatry, Vol. 17 (1): January – June 2016: XX XX. 
Keywords: Stress, International Postgraduate Students, Strategies

 Introduction 
  Stress is not always a negative phenomenon. Human needs a degree of stress to be motivated to perform, but the capacity to perform would decline when the stress levels raised or become sustained. When stress reaches its high level or when it occurs repeatedly or persistently, it could lead to a wide range of negative effects, which is not only to be experienced by the individual himself, but it extends out to her or his family and community as well. Stress levels could range from mild to severe. Interpersonal variation in stress perception and the ability to cope may be attributed to a variety of reasons. One is the differences in the type of personality. 

  Different individuals perceive and react to stressors differently. Being a type A personality, co-dependent or hopeless personality may affect stress perception and consequently, the stress level. Other factors like socio-demographic, environmental and economic factors could influence this variation as well [1]. The drawbacks of stress are well and widely documented in literature, especially on students who study abroad. Stress could adversely affect both mental and physical well-being of students, besides the deterioration of their academic performance. A study among International students of the University of the Ryukyus in Japan, showed high levels of stress had not only interfered with the students’ performance, but also exposed many of them to physical and mental health risks [2]. 

  Coping mechanism plays an important role to overcome or lessen the stress experienced by individuals. Students with an active coping style (those who can tackle problems in a positive and straight-forward manner), would have lower levels of psychological distress [3]. Coping can be defined as all the activities that the individual undertakes to master, tolerate, reduce, or minimize environmental or intrapsychic demands that are perceived to represent potential threats, existing harm, or losses” [4]. Coping also can be defined as “a response aimed at diminishing the physical, emotional and psychological burden that is linked to stressful life events and daily hassles” [5]. 

  Many studies focused on coping strategies used by students with several studies tried to find out what the most common are coping mechanisms used bythe students [3, 6], while others went further in analyzing the identified coping strategies such as comparing coping, mechanisms used within certain demographic variables and evaluated them [7]. As for this study, it is aimed to measure the prevalence of stress and to determine the solutions in managing the stress among international postgraduate students. The researchers hope that the results of this study could help increase the understanding of this issue and to provide data that could be utilized in intervention programs to address and manage stress among the growing numbers of international students in Malaysian Higher Educational Institution.

 Methods 
  A cross-sectional study was conducted on the international postgraduate students registered at Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Cheras Campus, and Kuala Lumpur. This research was conducted on a voluntary basis with an Ethical approval to conduct the study was obtained from the Ethical Research Committee of the UKMMC. (Ethic Code :FF- 110-2010). The study was funded by medical faculty Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysian medical Centre (UKMMC). The aims of the study were to measure the overall stress prevalence among coping strategies of the students used to alleviate their stress. Purposive sampling was done among the international postgraduate students who have been with University Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre for the past six months.

  In this study, level of psychological distress was determined by the score of 20 as a cut-off, below which the student was not considered to have stress. Stress score ranged between 20-24 was considered as mild stress, 25-29 moderate stress and 30-50 as severe stress. The choice of 20 as a cut-off points in scoring, could be supported by the findings of Andrews and Slade [10], as they had reported that the sensitivity and specificity for the K10 were highest at two cut-off scores, these were 19 and 20, with sensitivity and specificity at the cut-off score 20 were 66% and 92 % respectively. This cut-off score was adopted to estimate the prevalence of stress by many studies, including the 2001 Victorian Population Health Survey in Australia [11].（essay代写)

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