Time Travel

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Time Travel，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了时间旅行。在我们的认知中，时间旅行只存在于科幻小说中，在现实中是不可能实现的。在牛顿建立的物理学理论框架中，时间和空间不受任何物质或物质运动的影响。这种绝对的存在感意味着时间旅行只是一种幻想。然而，随着爱因斯坦提出相对论，时间和空间不再是绝对的，而是相对的，取决于参照系。在运动的参照系中，时间的流动减慢了。这就是著名的时间相对论效应。虽然狭义相对论证明了穿越到未来的可能性，但它并不能证明穿越回历史也是一样的。由于光速被狭义相对论认为是绝对的，时间旅行如果不超过这个绝对，就无法实现。

On June 28th, 2009, a party was held at the University of Cambridge (Saler). While the host had prepared toast, champagne, and balloons at the party, the room was empty, with only the host himself waiting for a guest. The host of this famous party is Stephen Hawking. He prepared and sent the invitation only after the party ended, inviting all time travelers from the future to join the party. Unfortunately, nobody came. Hawking considers this party an experiment to prove that time travel is not possible. Over the centuries, scientists have struggled to determine whether time travel is science or science fiction. In this essay, it is argued that time travel back to history exists only in science fiction, and is not possible in reality.

In the theoretical framework of physics established by Newton, time and space are not affected by any matter or movement of matter. This absolute sense of existence means that time travel is merely a fantasy. However, as Einstein proposed the theories of relativity, time and space became no longer absolute, but relative depending on the frame of reference. In a frame of reference in motion, the flow of time is slowed down. This is the famous relativistic effect of time. Its existence has been verified by numerous physical experiments (Good 430). This became one of the major ideas stemmed from special relativity: the possibility of time travel into the future. According to special relativity, a person only needs a spaceship capable of traveling at nearly the speed of light, in order to go to the future. The farther in the future he intends to go, the higher speed is required for the spaceship. With a moving timeframe, time flows much slower for the time traveler than the earth, which enables him to land on the future earth.

Although special relativity proves the possibility of time travel into the future, it does not prove the same for time travel back into history. Since the speed of light is considered absolute by special relativity, time travel cannot be realized without going beyond this absolute. The value of time travel back into the past values more, since time traveling into the future does not necessarily require a spaceship. Through biological technologies, the freezing and unfreezing of the human body can achieve similar effects as going to the future. Although theories such as traversable wormhole provide some alternatives to special relativity to allow time travel back, they are highly hypothetical. People thus turned to the theoretical aspect and began to wonder about the “what if.” Imagine if people had the ability to go back in time, would their actions affect the present time? This idea of causality paradox is expressed in countless ways by films and literature. If the time traveler had the ability to go back in time, a paradox is created since he cannot perform any actions that would threat his own existence (Stewart 1398). Otherwise, the entire thing becomes unexplainable.

Another proof for the impossibility of time travel back to history is simple yet effective: we don’t see anyone from the future. This idea is similar to the party held by Hawking. In response to the causality paradox, writers and scientists have come up with new theories and solutions. It is very commonly seen in literature, that the protagonists just won’t able to harm his or her own existence in any way, even if they tried very hard. There are always accidents that prevent them from doing so. Such plots are observed in Time Machine and Twelve Monkeys. Physicists refer to such plots as the “Banana Peel Mechanism (Sider 121).” Although this mechanism is good for developing an intriguing story, it just seems too convenient to be real. The Butterfly Effect is able to magnify any small action of a time traveler into major changes in the future world, which further disprove the possibility of traveling back in time. The many world interpretation by Hugh Everett brings the explanation of parallel universe to the discussion (Stanford). While this theory is an effective solution to the causality paradox, the existence of parallel universe has not been proved yet, not to mention its correlation with time travel.

In conclusion, current physical theories and evidence point to the negation of traveling back in time. This conclusion is based on the limit of the speed of light, and the lack of solution to the causality paradox. It should be noted that these proofs are all indirect, which continues to make time travel an intriguing topic both for science fiction and science. The most difficult question to answer is propose by the party experiment of Hawking, and the only explanation is that, traveling back in time is never realized in the infinite future timeline.

References

Good, I. J. "The Self-Consistency of the Kinematics of Special Relativity, Part VI. Einstein's Argument in Special Relativity Concerning "Time Travel" is Substantially Correct After all; and Smoothed Polygons." Physics Essays, vol. 19, no. 3, 2006, pp. 430.

Saler, Michael. "James Gleick's Exhilarating 'Time Travel: A History'; Stephen Hawking Hosted a Party for Time Travelers, Announcing it Only After the Fact. Nobody Came." Wall Street Journal (Online), 2016.

Sider, Theodore. "Time Travel, Coincidences and Counterfactuals." Philosophical Studies: An International Journal for Philosophy in the Analytic Tradition, vol. 110, no. 2, 2002, pp. 115-138.

Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy. “Many-Worlds Interpretation of Quantum Mechanics.” Accessed from: https://plato.stanford.edu/entries/qm-manyworlds/

Stewart, Ian. "Grandfather Paradox: A Question of Time. (Time Travel)." Nature, vol. 464, no. 7293, 2010, pp. 1398.

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