Protestant Christianity

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Protestant Christianity，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了基督教新教。基督教新教来源于早期的基督教，以《圣经》的精神做基础，吸收了中世纪经院哲学的某些思辨成果，以及人文主义精神，建构了新教信仰理性主义教育体系。基督教新教的产生是为了推翻罗马天主教会对于封建神权的统治，并借助基督教的基本教义进行宗教改革，到达为新兴资产阶级服务的目的。

At the beginning of the Western Europe from feudal society to establish, has been under the influence of theocracy, the church has gradually developed into Western Europe's most powerful feudal authority, and control the whole of the feudal rule. This result in early medieval school education is controlled by the Christian church, cultivate people's goal is to have the Christian spirit. But the development of economy has never been stopped, beginning from the 11th century, commercial development of Western Europe gradually prosperous, handicraft factory is a scale, the rise of cities hit the farm economy. At the same time, the emergence of a variety of new science and technology, culture, especially the discovery of the new world, stimulate the curiosity of people, and expand the desire. The Roman church corruption at this time, eventually led to a religious reform. Humanists advocated improved religion, replace the old with the new doctrine doctrine, new church instead of the Catholic church. Is one of the most famous religious reformer Martin Luther and John Calvin, their purpose is to transform the Christian be suited to the bourgeois rule of protestant Christianity.

China's feudal patriarchal clan system as the core, the society is based on centralized natural family system combined with a self-sufficient economy, constitutes a longstanding rule base in China's feudal society, Confucianism strong feudal patriarchal thoughts just meet the spiritual needs.

Neo-confucianism initially originated in the tang dynasty later period "ancient prose movement", is actually a ideological criticism movement, think to restore and the development of Confucianism, must be in literature content. Confucianism was combined with localization of zen Buddhism thought, after continuous brewing, progressive development of the new Confucianism movement to the northern song dynasty period. In fact, hope that through the neo-confucianism pie is the basic spirit of the early Confucianism to maintain the traditional feudal patriarchal clan, is a "return", which is different from western protestant "new".

Western Europe is not the ultimate goal of religious reform to change men's religious beliefs, but the Christian religion serves for the feudal theocracy, converted to adapt to the interests of the emerging bourgeoisie Christian protestant faith. And based on this belief to construct by the thought of reform, and even education theory, the early Christianity and the bible is the source of power.

Compared, neo-confucianism is in line with the tradition of the pre-qin Confucianism, trying to restore the reasonable position of the feudal rule in patriarchal clan, and use the "four books" in the "ethical spirit" as the ideological source and education theory. Chinese Confucianism is more focused on human daily life, focus on the people themselves, regardless of how the human being itself, as long as through education and learning, can achieve the ideal habitat. Along with the formation of the Taoist and buddhist thought, for the impact of the traditional Confucian ethics, makes the neo-confucianism has to go to study from the Angle of "nature and humanity", Chinese traditional culture, but the essence of the "truth" is different from religion, its implementation still need real individual initiative behavior, rather than rely on bricks and redemption.

Protestant Christianity from the spirit of redemption of belief in god, absorbed a certain theoretical achievements of medieval scholasticism and the Renaissance humanism spirit, by "justification by faith", "the concept of duty" and "predestination" explanation, the implement education up to the more specific. Attaches great importance to the education of "original sin" of Christianity, people are doomed to enter the church schools accept the priest or monks and priests on the Gospel of god's teachings, educatee can only to obey the principle, fully listen to the monks to preach, and can't do any rational thinking.

That is why Martin Luther put forward "justification by faith", which inherits the Renaissance humanism spirit, respect for the equality of personality. Hence request to break through of the narrow scope of traditional education, expand the education object, maximize the popular secular national education. He also puts forward the secular profession is "god promised the unique way of life, not to people by the penance asceticism transcend secular ethics, but needs to complete the position of the in this world gives his responsibilities and obligations. This is his bounden duty." Only through such a secular professional belief and reality together, after all, faith is theoretical, specific people still need to life. For how to implement the "justification by faith" and "good sense of success", Luther would like to establish Christianity through education to the protestant belief in god and the Christian liberal secular world. He also in combination with the reality of the society at that time, put forward the force of claims to the compulsory education, namely, on the basis of the destruction of the original school, by the city administration to establish a new system of national education.

Another important religious reformer John Darwin put forward the "reservation" and "voters" theory, advocated that education as to promote the reformation and social reform and development. The function and purpose of education is to realize the moral teachings of faith-based, lies in the training have sincere belief in god "voters", lies in the training to master practical knowledge of professional talents.

From the point of view of education, education goal and the policy is reflected in the education content, it often can largely reflects a kind of basic elements of education theory.

In the protestant educators point of view, the bible is the source of all knowledge, and through the bible to know god is to the protestant education first. Language is a tool for studying the bible, the language teaching can be called protestant education of knowledge of a second. To learn the language also makes people have "the ability to speak and write. Protestant emphasis on language teaching, its profound meaning is universal language is the key to the popularization of the bible, is also an effective strategy to rebel in the church. In order to develop practical information and the quality of the Christian faith, although religious education is the foundation of all education, humanistic education subject is still necessary. In addition to pay attention to imparting knowledge, protestant moral education also occupy the important position. The constraints of the medieval ancien regime of moral theory, statutes and the magisterium oppression is its main feature. Protestant the gist of moral education lies in the method of self education and human consciousness perfect way, love of moist and edify nature is the moral education content of protestant doctrine. To do self education, the key lies in the awakening of self-consciousness and worship to god and god is also not same unprincipled and without a purpose, "keep justice, holy and pure virtue is the only legally worship to god". Main is "introspection", protestant encourage people with strong desire never satisfied themselves, the process of self-perfection, self education is hard work, moderation and fortune in the process of continuous introspection, continue to improve.

Neo-confucianism consolidation is the purpose of ethics, so to the feudal ethics education, becomes the cheng zhu sent the basic content of physical education and the important characteristics. They think that students have a higher moral accomplishment, to learn cultural knowledge can play a proper role, thus put forward the education of "learn as a saint" claim. Set of neo-confucianism dacheng zhu xi inherited and developed the traditional thoughts of Confucian school attaches great importance to the moral education, school education is Ming ethics, its basic task is to "save them, destroy the human", through cognition, emotion, meaning, to achieve "transformation". And that can only be understood through the "four books" "five classics", the "four books" on the basis of the "five classics" status, become the main content of the school and imperial examinations. Physical educators also attaches great importance to teaching at the same time, they think that teaching is serve for moral education, moral education is mainly realized through teaching, namely moral education lies in teaching and learning of knowledge. And teaching is an important form to study, the so-called "theory of learning in Ming", embodies the integration of moral education and teaching ideas. But the study of neo-confucianism advocated requires repeated reading, on the one hand, reading from the book to understand the principles in accordance with Confucianism; On the other hand is a free debate, the debate of the through free reading and studying, Ming giri and access them.

Feuerbach said: "the protestant doesn't care about what god is like ancien regime itself the problem, it is only to the concerns of what god is." The meaning of the protestant innovation thought is, on the one hand, points out the faith of god is the inevitable requirement of believers, people can only get the maximum in the divine liberation; Stress, on the other hand, people cannot escape from the secular undertaking, must by faith in god recognised professional. This greatly affirmed the secular nature of objective existence, and the rational spirit of exploration of nature, also promoted the early bourgeois various exploration and research of modern science.

Neo-confucianism thought itself is a scientific thought, his "the qing dynasty scholar's research methods," said, "' content and its poor Richard is yourself to find out the truth of things to things. This is the spirit of the inductive ". Not only that, neo-confucianism is also opposed by unknown blindly, emphasize reading question, free to explore various academic problems. Further affirms the individual from master wang yangming's mind and the ability of independent judgment. The scientific ideas and critical spirit of germination of offspring and scientific research has a profound significance.

Through the analysis of protestantism and neo-confucianism, to see that both of them according to their own historical and cultural background, construct the distinctive education philosophy theory - rationalism education system of religion and ethical rationalism education system. The former is based on religion, attaches great importance to the secularization and rational education, the purpose is to cultivate the spirit of a protestant, can satisfy the interests of the rising bourgeoisie Christians; The latter with ethics as the core, to demonstrate the rationality and sanctity of takes laws and to foster a new spirit of Confucian learning, to maintaining the order of the late feudal society of the guard. This shows, is one of the traditional culture determines the people thinking, also decided to its future development.

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