北美作业代写：Bel canto

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Bel canto school，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美声学派。美声唱法从17世纪在古老的意大利确立、传播、普及并传遍了全世界。美声唱法以其深厚的音色和科学的发声方法，使它从全世界各种歌唱方法中，脱颖而出历久不衰，成为当今世界普遍接受和承认，最为正统和完善的科学唱法。随着美声学派的发展，涌现出许多与之相关的作曲家和作品。

It has been several hundred years since the establishment and development of bel canto in Italy with its scientific voice. With the development of the school of bel canto, many composers, singers, opera works and art songs appeared. This school spreads to our country, also have the history of nearly 100 years.

Bel canto was established, spread, popularized and spread all over the world in ancient Italy in the 17th century. The beautiful and profound timbre and scientific method of singing make it stand out from all kinds of singing methods all over the world. It has been accepted and recognized by the world. The most orthodox and perfect scientific singing method makes it become a school of thought.

In China, the singing of bel canto in a short period of nearly 100 years, has been a leap in popularity and development. A large number of professional and amateur music workers are still making continuous efforts to improve and systematize China's national singing, and learn and draw lessons from "bel canto" singing. Therefore, as a music worker who studies and studies bel canto, the author feels it is the responsibility and necessity to introduce and promote more knowledge about "bel canto school".

Bel canto has spread to China for nearly a hundred years, first settled in Shanghai. After the first world war, due to the war in Europe and the opening up policy in the late qing and early republic, people from different countries and nationalities came to Asia via sea and entered Shanghai port with their different cultures and customs. They encroached on the territory and set up concessions in Britain and France. After the Russian revolution and of belarus into Shanghai, the second world war, and invaded the jewish people, the material life of abundance and active business environment and rich cultural background, more culture music art visitors come to Shanghai, make it become the first to accept western culture city in China.

In the early 1920s, xiao youmei, a famous Chinese musician, founded the first music college -- national music college in Shanghai with the support of CAI yuanpei, a famous educator. With the development of China's political history, the school changed its name several times and eventually became the famous "Shanghai music college". At the beginning of its establishment, the school took "entering the world music and sorting out China music" as its tenet. The academic system and courses were basically modeled after European music institutions. In addition to a large number of western music courses, some ethnic instrumental music was also developed here. Outstanding foreign teachers are employed in various departments, with a large proportion of Russian teachers, followed by Italian ones, and a large number of Chinese musicians returning from overseas study, such as vocalist and composer ying shangneng, music educator hu zhou shuan, composer huang zi, music educator and conductor wu bochao, and President xiao youmei.

It is well known that "Bel Canto" originated from the Italian word Bel Canto, which means "beautiful singing". It is impossible to verify how the phrase came into being in what era. Generally speaking, the singing of bel canto was gradually improved and perfected in the 17th and 18th centuries with the birth and development of opera. Its roots can be traced back to the 4th century, when the Catholic church began to train choirs in Rome. By the seventh century, the bishop of Gregorian had established a strict and perfect school for training boys to serve the church. The bishop himself had a high music culture, having edited the "vegetable song" used to chant psalms in church service mass, which has been named by him as "Gregorian chant". In fact, "plain song" in the 9th century ago, only oral, and no music records, the earliest manuscripts reproductions, only back to 9 to 11 century, so the plainsong and gray highly relevant information is not detailed, and come down plainsong ancient spectrum, or four line spectrum, square notes, each section has no fixed rhythm, but according to the need of the church ceremony scripture phrase length, when time is short, long verse to sing the notes even together.

The name comes from the 12th century French benedictine priest father arezzo, who was in charge of the school in arezzo, Italy. He used the Latin lyrics of "baptism John hymn" to create the sound name. He used the first syllable of each of the first seven sentences in the lyrics as the sound name: the first syllable of the first sentence is pronounced as Do, the second syllable as Re, the third syllable as Mi, and the fourth syllable as Fa By this analogy, formed seven sound names are still used today. It is said that in the church, especially in the Catholic church, the ancient music score of gregorius and quadrate notes is used more or less to praise the "mass", which can be seen in some ancient churches in addition to museums.

The music training school founded by Gregory in the 7th century will take 9 years to graduate, so it can be seen that it is necessary to have a comprehensive music culture to create a qualified music singing talent. In addition to the major of vocal music, they also need to learn music theory, harmony, chorus, organ, Latin and some cultural courses. At that time, boys were specially trained for the church. Since the boys could not continue to serve as high voices after their voice changes, the phenomenon of "castration" occurred to maintain the boys' tone. Later, with the development of opera, by the 14th and 15th centuries, many castrated singers became rich because of singing opera, leading to many poor families castrated boys, once there were about 400 at one time. It was not until the heyday of opera in the 17th and 18th centuries that outstanding sopranos appeared and castration gradually declined. The first appearance of opera was for the entertainment of the royal aristocracy, gradually spread to the folk, and its content also expanded from bible stories and Greek myths to popular heroes of the world, love stories and so on. The female horns were originally emasculated tenors with a range of four octaves. With the development of opera, vocal skills have been constantly followed up and developed. On the other hand, the colorful part of the opera aria was once left to the singers to play at will, each showing his own power and competing with each other. The mutual promotion of composers and singers contributed to the "golden age" of vocal music.

The golden age of bel canto can be said to be in the 18th century, which can not be attributed to a group of excellent intellectuals in the 16th century, as a result of their revival and promotion of the ancient Greek tradition. Around 1594, by the first earl chong-aged barr "card beauty tower" literary group, celebrating the French Henry iv and maria ? MaiDiQi wedding, sang in the count house "damien duff nai" Greek myth story. At first, it was just for a pleasant evening with friends, but the reaction was so strong that it was written into music again for the Greek tragedy of leonicini, which was moved to the stage of Florence in Italy in 1600 and began the era of opera. Damien duff nai, but opera has been lost, the existing early opera "ollie di cut", was the eunuch singers as a heroine ollie di cut corner, under the mezzo-soprano singers, but in the 1980 s, the author has twice been heard in the United States by the tenor singing "ollie di cut pieces in vocal music, is also beautiful.

With the formation, development and perfection of opera, the basic vocalization principles and vocal skills training of singers have also evolved and been enriched and perfected. Polyphonic music has been widely development at that time, but only on the stage with the polyphonic technique, play to the existing limitations of drama, the composer card written beauty who changed the chorus, and make the characters had independent, solo, still, chorus is subject to the needs of the plot, the single melody and lyrical songs, then there are more free format such as the aria, recitative, and techniques such as type A - B - A trilogy, enrich the performance of the opera. By the end of the 17th century in some big cities of Italy, there were more than 20 theatres, and there were 658 musicals. Between 1662 and 1680, there were hundreds of operas which were repeated. At that time, it was not only the gorgeous scenes in the theater that attracted the common people, but also the dazzling vocal skills of singers, which dominated the whole performance and aroused the audience's enthusiastic cheers. The demand for singing continued to grow, and the singers were spoiled and celebrated by the people, and became the great star of the time. On the stage, they give full play to beautify their voice, show their talent, enjoy the fun and skills in singing, and also show a lot of improvisation. All the melodies and tunes have become endless scales, trills, grace notes and jumping notes, but they disintegrate the integrity of the plot, destroy the coordination of the opera and stay away from the music of the composer. There was a joke that the composer rossini went to hear his opera, but the singer changed it beyond recognition! After that, he advocated and formulated the principle that singers must be loyal to the original score and cannot make up and sing by themselves. Unfortunately, due to the abuse of vocalists and the lack of substance and music value, the opera gradually declined due to the complicated and complicated works written by composers to meet the public demand. But there is no doubt that the rise of opera has created a number of extraordinary great singers and performing artists, and created the "golden age" of vocal music.

Opera from the palace into the people, after a century of ups and downs, to the 20th century, the remaining opera works are few. Composer Handel, Scarlatti father, they have all had hundreds of opera works left. Haydn had written 18 operas, but only oratorios remained, and only 200 or so were left, and only a few dozen, such as La Traviata, Carmen, and the marriage of figaro, were often performed on the stage.

In Britain, horst, barkis and other works did not appear until the 20th century.

As to ocean the other shore of the United States, a composer, and he blacks in the United States songs jazz style, and depression, deep and based on the emotional appeal of rising and bold and unrestrained, widespread create a lot of good songs, many songs can be said has already become the real folk songs, in addition to him, as far as I know there is little to spread the American art songs.

The art songs of Germany and France are two different genres.

German art songs are characterized by concentration, persistence and deep love. They are the product of romanticism. They seem to break through the reality and pursue philosophical interpretation to express lofty thoughts.

And the French art song, inherits the romantic deviant unrestrained style, it explores oneself creation way, concise, circuitous, the desire language also is short, that implicates the sentiment which cannot express, the person understands and accepts. The French know best the art of insinuation, and use reason to restrain romance, in pursuit of a romance that transcends reality itself and is joyful in spirit.

In terms of melody style, Chen seems to have a wider range of tones. In fact, many songs are not more than 12 degrees, and most of them are natural scales, warm and natural.

Melodie in France is closely combined with the poetry. It is probably influenced by opera for a long time. At the same time, French composers deliberately explore their creative styles.

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