美国作业代写：Tolerance of ambiguity

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Tolerance of ambiguity，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了歧义容忍度。歧义容忍度，就是人们面对新事物时，仍然能够以一种冷静的处理方式去解决问题的程度。一般而言，歧义容忍度高的人在遇到新问题时，能够以冷静的处理方式来对待并解决问题，自信心相对较高；反之，歧义容忍度低的人在遇到同样的问题时，经常会焦虑以致未能很好的处理问题。

1948, ambiguity tolerance was first proposed by American psychologist Frenkel-brunswik. Later, Bunder in 1986 to define the tolerance of ambiguity, that it is the learners in the process of acquiring language in the face of a vague phenomenon, the emergence of a tolerance of psychological acceptance. Ambiguity tolerance is a kind of learning style, which is the tendency and attitude of individuals to accept and deal with unfamiliar and complex information. At home and abroad, the study of ambiguity tolerance has been studied for more than more than 50 years, and has produced rich research results, and it is no doubt that ambiguity tolerance has become a hotspot in the field of two language acquisition at home and abroad, and has aroused extensive attention of many language learners. Therefore, this paper summarizes the relevant researches on ambiguity tolerance at home and abroad in recent years, aiming at the systematic carding from three dimensions, namely, the definition of ambiguity tolerance, the tool of measurement and the relationship with foreign language learning. Through these systematic carding, can play a certain influence to the cognition of ambiguity tolerance at present stage.

Ambiguity tolerance is the degree to which people are still able to solve problems in a cool way when faced with new things. As a personality trait, the tolerance of ambiguity shows the ability to handle new things easily. From the above definition, it can be seen that the ambiguity tolerance is summed up as a psychological cognitive process, that is, from the psychological field to define, as personality characteristics to specific analysis of its manifestations.

Then the researchers supplemented the definition of tolerance of ambiguity by further understanding the learners ' characteristics of the degree of ambiguity tolerance. For example, McLain points out that learners with higher ambiguity tolerance can learn a foreign language better, because in the process of language learning there will be some conflicts with the mother tongue culture, and they are more willing to take a positive attitude towards learning to meet the challenge, thus achieving a good learning effect. Generally speaking, students with high ambiguity tolerance are able to treat and solve problems in a calm manner when they are confronted with new problems, and their self-confidence is relatively high; conversely, students with low ambiguity tolerance often get anxious to deal with problems when they encounter the same problems. Brown believes that ambiguity tolerance is a condition in which learners of the target language are found to be different from their own cognitive patterns. In recent years, more and more researchers have combined ambiguity tolerance with two language acquisition, aiming at stimulating learners ' learning interest by understanding the tolerance of ambiguity and using appropriate learning methods.

In the further study of the tolerance of ambiguity, the relevant researchers have put forward some measuring tools which can be used for reference. The first Bunder designed 16 measurement projects in 1962, and specifically designed a positive and negative two-part subproject, 8 of which were projects. Norton Design of the MAT-50 a total of 61 projects, the subproject division of the finer, using Richter 7 scale scale. McLain in 1993, the 22-item measurement of the ambiguity tolerance scale was designed by strengthening the knowledge structure.

Among them, in the Second Language acquisition field is commonly used is the Ely Design of "language ambiguity tolerance" scale, it is mainly used to analyze the ambiguity tolerance of students in the process of second language acquisition, which is widely used in the field of second language acquisition and foreign language teaching, but the most suitable object of this scale is college students and adult learners. It involves 12 of projects, including language learning, reading and writing. Using the Richter four reverse scoring method, that is, the higher the students score, the lower the degree of ambiguity tolerance, the higher the contrary. After a series of research tests, the reliability and validity of the questionnaire were proved to be higher. Through the development of the above scale, we can see that they tend to understand the relationship between tolerance of ambiguity and foreign language learning, and gradually turn to the process of language cognition.

With the further study of ambiguity tolerance, scholars have begun to pay attention to the relationship between ambiguity tolerance and foreign language learning, in order to strengthen learners ' knowledge of language use. Nuiman et People using the Bunder scale to measure the ambiguity tolerance of students, the results show that the tolerance of ambiguity can be an important factor to influence foreign language learning. The study of Chapple and Roberts L Now, the degree of ambiguity tolerance and students ' academic performance has certain relevance, and the higher ambiguity tolerance of students can be in the language acquisition to respond freely. With the further study of foreign scholars, domestic scholars have also begun to pay attention to their influence on language learning. As Zhou Ying pointed out in 2000, students should be aware of the important role of ambiguity tolerance in the process of English listening learning. From the above research results, we can see that the degree of ambiguity tolerance has a certain effect on foreign language learning. It embodies a psychological acceptance of foreign language learning, in short, it can be said that students with high psychological quality can well overcome the difficulties encountered in English learning, can learn mastery.

For non-native Learners, English reflects the different cultural characteristics with the mother tongue, sometimes there may be cultural conflicts, in the face of new language problems, easy to produce a rebellious mentality, that is, the beginning of the study is not fully mastered, so that the next study is also powerless, just as the death of the psychological retreat. Therefore, in order to better learn a foreign language, learners should strengthen psychological quality, through peacetime exercise, to a certain extent to improve psychological acceptance, can independently deal with the problem of language learning process, in order to enhance students ' own confidence in learning. In a sense, the foreign language and the mother tongue of the different cultures, showing the conflict of language and culture, but all the language is in fact interlinked, the learner should pay more attention to the differences between languages, in the use of language as far as possible to the different culture into their own language ability.

In addition, a large number of studies show that the degree of ambiguity tolerance can directly affect the level of foreign language learning. Wentiufang in the field of second language acquisition, the ambiguity tolerance should be regarded as an important psychological influence factor, which should be strengthened in foreign language learning. In view of the important effect of ambiguity tolerance on foreign language learning, the understanding of the tolerance of ambiguity should be strengthened in the process of foreign language teaching. Therefore, in the process of foreign language learning, first of all, we should enhance the awareness of the foreign language teachers and learners about the tolerance of ambiguity, and make full use of its influence to improve the learning effect.

In the application of foreign language learning, most of Chinese learners learn from books, especially foreign language learning, different ways of dealing with culture can not grasp, in the face of real life concrete examples, and sometimes lack of coping ability, so learners should strengthen practical learning ability. At the same time, in the process of foreign language teaching, teachers should first introduce the definition of ambiguity tolerance, so that students have a preliminary concept of understanding, and show their important influence and function in the process of language learning; Secondly, the students with low ambiguity tolerance and poor mental quality are consciously adopting corresponding strategies to improve them. In addition, teachers should adopt a rich teaching method in the classroom to adopt different teaching methods for students with different ambiguity tolerance.

For learners, in absorbing new knowledge, we must overcome learning anxiety, enhance learning self-confidence and interest in learning, can cultivate appropriate ambiguity tolerance, improve English learning achievement. Teaching is a combination of teachers ' "teaching" and students ' positive "learning", and foreign language teaching is a long way to go. In short, teachers should be based on the students ' psychological quality and personality differences, comprehensive consideration of students ' own quality, individualized, help students to reduce anxiety, guide them to the right learning methods and methods, face the new language and cultural phenomenon in learning, cultivate appropriate ambiguity tolerance, can combine foreign language learning and their own interests, and effectively improve the effectiveness of language learning.

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