留学生作业代写：The moral foundation of modern government behavior

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- The moral foundation of modern government behavior，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了现代政府行为的道德基础。政府的一切政策措施及其工作人员的一切行为都必须以人民的意志为依据，因此，政府必须对民意负责，进而对整个国家负责。因而人们极大地关注着政府的行为，并要求政府行为要遵从相应的道德规范，且要主动承担相应的道德责任。这就促使政府从道德层面来审视和反省自己的行为，把其行为建立在一定的道德基础之上。

The Government is the whole body of state power, including the legislature, the executive, the judiciary and the head of State, and the Government Act is an act of using the power to serve the people, the modern government's moral basis is the contract, in the construction and operation of the Government to abide by the provisions of the contract for the survival, security and development of people to provide security To build an honest and trustworthy modern government, and restrain the government's own behavior, so as to establish a good and harmonious social order.

The modern government is the highest and widest administrative organization of the public Affairs of the State, as the highest power organ to manage the social public affairs, the sociality is the essential attribute of the government, it is the premise and reason that the government can produce, exist and develop. The government that modern government wants to become legitimacy must carry out effective management to the society, the Government itself must keep on improving, only in this way can the government obtain legitimacy, the human society itself can survive and develop, and such government behavior is the modern government behavior which accords with the moral standard of honesty and impartiality of government behavior.

According to Marxist state theory, political power refers to the power of the state, which is mastered and exercised by a few people in a certain society. However, some people will question why the political power of a certain part of the community, rather than another part of the people who may be more capable, can be grasped in a certain social context. Why does the government exist? This actually involves the legitimacy of the government. Historical materialism holds that any form of social existence is not abstract and eternal, but a concrete and historical existence. The legitimacy of the Government's existence should also be explained. Politics in any country attaches great importance to the legalization of power, even to those who acquire power through coups d ' état or other forms of violence, and to seek to legalize power in some way or new standards immediately. Thus, it can be shown that the acquisition of legitimacy is essential to the political life of the subject of political rights and society as a whole. The main body of modern political power-government, its behavior and decision-making should fully embody and express the "common will" of society. This is the fundamental method that political power obtains legality in the process of operation.

Marx thought: "The state originates from the contract between people, originates from contract Social, this viewpoint is Epicurus first proposed." "Modern politics is democratic politics, and democracy is based on the theory of social contract." The social contract means that the Government, on the basis of its commitment to protect the supremacy of public interests, has acquired public power, namely, the power to administer society, the duty to serve the society, and the responsibility to meet the public demand.

The modern British scholar Hobbes is the main founder and system of the "Classical contract theory", he believes that the natural state of human beings in the state of war, peace and tranquillity is not guaranteed. In order to benefit from an orderly society, one must give full authority to the state's governing body and recognize all its actions. Under the guidance of the light of reason, in order to get rid of each other's state of war, this requires people to voluntarily and unconditionally give up their full "natural rights", sign a contract and give it to a person or conference, that is, the sovereign. The sovereign who integrates the power of the people to exercise common power to seek common interests. Human beings thus form a government with no authority.

Locke argues that people have agreed to enter into civilized society by surrendering only some of their rights under the natural state, but still retain the natural right to life, liberty and property. Through the media of contract to realize the creation of civil society, each individual agrees with others to entrust the natural right of enforcing rational law to the community in order to guarantee life, freedom and property. In Locke's view, the authority of a State or a government must be aimed at preserving the rights of human existence, liberty and property, and the citizens and Governments are both parties who sign contracts to get out of the state of nature. When a citizen enters into a contract with the government, it does not give up all the natural rights, and the Government's rights acquired by the contract cannot exceed the life of the citizen and the public happiness of the society, especially in the private property right, which can not violate the necessary guarantee of the citizen's life and public happiness.

One of the famous representatives of the Enlightenment Rousseau also embarks from the natural state, considers the origin of the state power and its relation with the people's rights. He argued that the will of the community would be "public" by signing contracts between natural and natural persons to form social communities. In order to put the "public meaning" into practice, it is necessary to have an organization that executes public meaning, and then the government has signed a contract with the government to control the governance of the society. Thus, the contract is the act between the sovereign and the administering Power, which is conditional on the Government's obligation to protect the citizens ' political freedom and to be responsible for the life and property of the citizens.

The government's vocation is to serve the people, so it serves the whole nation. All government policy measures and all the actions of its staff must be based on the will of the people, and therefore the Government must be accountable to the public and thus to the entire state. Therefore, people pay great attention to the government's behavior, and require the government to comply with the corresponding moral norms, and should take the initiative to bear the corresponding moral responsibility. This urges the Government to examine and reflect on its behavior from the moral level, and to establish its behavior on a certain moral basis. On the basis of the moral foundation bound by the social contract, the Government conduct should follow the following basic principles:

The principle of honesty and trustworthiness in the moral of political ethics, refers to the government officials and staff in the day-to-day work to mutual trust and cooperation, in doing their own work, and to help others, and to give affirmation and support for others work, and strive to create a harmonious working environment and atmosphere. At the same time, in dealing with the relationship between the government and the Society, the Government and the people, the Government should insist on diligence, integrity, efficiency and win, so as to ultimately increase the political legitimacy of the government and the stability of the Government itself. The symbol of government civilization and political civilization is to be open and transparent, and to be open and transparent, the Government should insist on the principle of good faith, change the administrative idea, establish the self-discipline consciousness of honesty and trustworthiness, and regard each order and decision as a commitment to society and citizens.

As a fair of the value range of the government, it is the fairness embodied in Rawls' principle of justice, that is, at the national level, everyone in society "has the difference". In exercising its power, the Government must strive to advance towards the goal of achieving social equity, which requires the government to achieve equal decentralization, reasonable distribution, equal opportunities and fair justice, and to coordinate the rational distribution of all members of society among the political interests, economic interests and other social interests. And justice is more reflected in the social legislation and judicial fields, under the restriction of laws and regulations, government behavior must be fair and just. In carrying out legislative and judicial activities, the Government should exercise its own behavior under the guidance of fair values, only in this way can we make the result of reasonable and just behavior for the society.

From the perspective of the government, the government represents the public personality, which is a powerful embodiment of the public will. Therefore, the "public nature" is the inevitable value choice of government behavior, the Government must follow and realize a series of ethical and moral values centering on the public nature, especially to exercise the government behavior on the basis of fairness, impartiality and good faith, which not only has the legitimacy of public power, but also win in the process of exercising power. Get the hearts and minds. Not only can the political impartiality and integrity of a government, but also a smoother operation of the government. Most importantly, it has important theoretical and practical significance to study the moral foundation of government behavior, especially the government's moral foundation since the reform and opening-up, to establish the government running mechanism of morality, to reform and perfect the political system and the government management system.

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