English national health service

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- English national health service，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的国民健康服务体系。英国创立的国民健康服务体系，旨在为公民提供免费的医疗服务，该体系被世界卫生组织认为是最好的健康服务体系之一。英国医疗保险体系由私立医疗服务和公立医疗服务两部分组成。私营医疗服务是该体系的补充，它一般仅限于对收入较高阶层提供服务。而公立医疗服务就是国民健康服务，也称为国家医疗卫生服务或者国民医疗保健制度，它是英国医疗保险的主体，旨在向全体国民提供免费的医疗服务。

Britain's national health service, which began in 1948 and aims to provide free care to its citizens, is considered one of the best by the world health organisation. At the 2012 London Olympics, Britain once again showed the world the word "NHS" that it was proud of. But more than 60 years after its founding, the NHS is still facing financial, demographic and efficiency pressures.

The British medical insurance system is composed of private medical service and public medical service. Private care is complementary to the NHS and is generally limited to those at the higher end of the income scale. Public medical service, also known as national health service or national health care system, is the main body of British medical insurance and aims to provide free medical services to all the citizens. This paper mainly expounds the NHS system. Specifically, the contents of the NHS system are as follows:

The NHS is, in principle, intended for the whole country. However, in contrast to the previous policy - the right to non-medical treatment for more than six months of legal residence in the UK - the home office issued a new policy in April 2015, requiring all non-eea citizens to pay medical surcharges.

NHS projects are funded mainly on a pay-as-you-go basis, from three sources: general taxation, which accounts for about 80 per cent; Second, the national insurance premium paid by the nationals, accounting for about 13%; Third, other income, including prescription fees, registration fees, outpatient drug fees, parking fees charged by the hospital and other miscellaneous fees.

The NHS is paid on a lump sum budget basis. The state Treasury allocates the medical insurance funds to various government-sponsored institutions in the form of budget allocation or to private and private medical institutions in the form of contract, and provides services to citizens through these institutions.

The health care system in Britain adopts the vertical management mode led by the government.

The department of health is the highest authority in the NHS. It is responsible for the allocation of health resources, the formulation of policies, the establishment of national standards, the management of the medical strategy authority, the establishment of various standards, and the vertical management through the district and district health offices.

The health strategy authority was set up by the government in 2002 to manage various NHS trusts in the region on behalf of the department of health. The hmas does not provide medical services. Its primary responsibility is to monitor the provision of medical services in the region.

Trusts are responsible for the delivery and operation of local NHS services, mainly by primary health care providers and hospital trusts.

Primary health care trusts are responsible for assessing the health of local populations, purchasing services from health care providers, and contracting with GPS to provide primary health care services to improve local health.

NHS hospital trusts typically contract with primary health care providers to manage one or more hospitals under their jurisdiction, which typically provide services such as pre-appointment inpatient care and accident and first aid services.

The NHS is funded largely by state money, which is funded mainly by taxes on citizens, and has so far failed to meet the needs of the NHS's work. According to the report released by the national audit office in November 2014, the total debt of foundation hospitals increased by 630 million pounds in 2013-2014 alone, 26 hospitals turned from profit to loss, and only 5 hospitals were able to turn from loss to profit. The overall financial situation of trust hospitals is significantly worse than that of foundation hospitals. From 2013 to 2014, there were 18 hospitals turning from profit to loss, but none of them could turn from loss to profit. In terms of total debt, it added 340m in just one year.

The NHS system is composed of departments such as the ministry of health, strategic medical institutions, primary care trusts, family doctor alliance, medical quality committee and so on. The NHS, which pays 60% of its staff, employs more than 1.7m people, making it the fifth-biggest employer in the world.

New projections from the office for national statistics show the total population will reach 70m by 2031, with 70 per cent of the increase coming from immigrants.

In 2013, the number of people over 65 in the UK had already exceeded that of people under 16. The government plans to increase the average retirement age in the UK every year at the rate of six months, which is seen as one of the measures to reflect the aging population and cope with the medical crisis.

The main manifestations are as follows: first, the time for residents to seek medical treatment has been extended, and more and more British people choose to seek medical treatment in other countries in order to avoid the NHS system, and the number of patients going out for medical treatment has reached a record high. 2 it is based on the medical staff wages to implement unity of lead to medical personnel in the work performance is not positive, they are not as the first element to the patient's sufferings, but according to the specific work of planning and implementation of action, namely each staff the specific number of visits are made each day, once completed plan won't work. The NHS has been exposed in the media as wasting around 5bn a year on inefficiency.

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