Women's suffrage in the United States

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Women's suffrage in the United States，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了美国的妇女选举权。美国妇女选举权运动是美国女权运动的重要组成部分。当时，面对自己政治上的无权地位，美国妇女奋起抗争，发起了轰轰烈烈的妇女选举权运动，虽然运动成功了，但形式上的平等并没有给美国妇女带来黄金时代，美国妇女在事实上依然受到了来自各方面的歧视。在资产阶级社会中，妇女虽然在形式上获得了与男人平等的选举权，却没有从根本上改变妇女的社会经济地位。

American women have been fighting for the right to vote since colonial times. Although they had some success, they could not get the right to vote legally. Between 1900 and 1914, the women's suffrage movement had obvious success. Washington state, California, Arizona, Kansas, Oregon, Illinois, Montana, Nevada have announced the right to vote for women. Since then, more and more states have granted women the right to vote. By 1918, women had the right to vote in 15 states. On January 10, 1918, the house of representatives voted on the 19th amendment. In the end, the house passed the bill 274-136. But the senate failed to pass the required two-thirds majority. In May 1919, the house of representatives again passed the 19th amendment by a vote of 304 to 89, and the senate by a two-thirds majority. Three-quarters of the states subsequently approved the bill, and the 19th amendment took effect. On August 26, 1920, the then secretary of state of the United States, Richard b. corbell, made a formal statement that the 19th amendment had passed with a majority vote. The full success of the women's suffrage movement was declared when 26 million adult women gained the right to vote in the United States. The women's suffrage movement undoubtedly achieved great results in this stage, which was not only the result of women's unremitting struggle for a long time, but also inseparable from the promotion of women's suffrage by the favorable social environment at that time.

At the end of the 19th century and the beginning of the 20th century, the United States ranked first in the world in terms of industrial output. The rapid industrialization of the country undoubtedly stimulated the development of the national economy to the greatest extent, but the rapid industrialization also brought many inevitable defects to the American society. Under such circumstances, the insightful people in American society launched a vigorous progressive movement. The progressive movement united the progressives in the American society to the greatest extent, so as to eliminate all kinds of malpractices in the American society and promote the democratization of the American society. Its rise provided a loose social environment for women's right to vote, enabling many women to organize themselves to participate in the reform and strive for their rights. In the eyes of some women activists. Women's suffrage would not only secure the fruits of their hard-won social reforms, but would also put an end to corruption and lawlessness. In addition, some women even believed that their temperament determined that once they got the right to vote, they might prevent all kinds of wars. Therefore, in the late period of progressive movement, more and more social feminists focused their struggle on the issue of women's right to vote, which strongly promoted the development of women's right to vote movement.

After a long struggle, the organizations for women's suffrage have been constantly learning from the actual struggle. Self development and improvement. After entering the 20th century, some new changes took place in their concepts and strategies of struggle, which gave a strong impetus to the women's suffrage movement. The change in the concept is mainly reflected in the understanding of the right to vote. In 1900, cary carter was elected President of the national women's suffrage association. The second generation of leaders represented by carter had a different understanding of women's right to vote from the first generation of leaders led by Stanton. In 1894, Stanton wrote a pamphlet entitled the right to vote -- a birthright, emphasizing that the right to vote was a natural right. The second generation of women leaders represented by carter tended to emphasize that the benefits of women's suffrage for the whole society were obvious. This is different from the past narrow emphasis on women's right to vote, which is more conducive to attracting more people to join in supporting women's right to vote.

The change of fighting strategy is mainly reflected in the change of specific fighting methods. Cary carter, as chairman, turned the traditionally moderate propaganda appeal into a political one. The second generation of leaders abandoned the more moderate forms of protest they had been accustomed to, and took a more vigorous approach, heckling the government and winning the support of wider world opinion. In addition, it officially abandoned the original way of fighting for the right to vote state by state, and insisted on concentrating on the development of the east based on the west where the right to vote was better, so as to obtain the amendment of the right to vote nationwide. The correct strategy of struggle played a decisive role in the development of women's suffrage movement.

1913-1914. A group of feminists led by Alice Paul advocated a more radical approach to the fight. They broke away from the union in 1914 and formed a new organization, the congressional union. "If any group dares to oppose women's suffrage in the country, it will lose women's support in twelve states with nearly a million votes," Paul said. In 1915, the United States congress held a debate on the amendment to women's suffrage. Both the women's party and the national women's suffrage association actively fought for the amendment to be passed by the congress.

In 1916, the women's suffrage movement finally developed into a national movement. "by 1916, the issue of women's suffrage had clearly entered the national political agenda. Because this year the United States is facing a presidential election and all the members of the senate and one-third of the senators, for their own interests, the Democratic Party and the republican party in their respective election platform have covered some of the advantages of women's suffrage. In September of that year, cary carter hosted the Atlantic city conference, and both candidates were invited. Democratic candidate Wilson attended with his wife and gave a speech. She showed her support for women's suffrage. Hoover, the republican candidate, did not accept the invitation to the conference, but he also signed the amendment to the federal constitution in support of women's suffrage. By the end of 1916, the suffrage movement was still developing into a national movement.

On April 6, 1917, the United States officially became a world war I participating countries, women's party pickets marched outside the White House, exposing the hypocrisy of the government. Starting in August, the government began arresting members of the women's party. More than 200 people were eventually arrested and nearly 100 jailed. Still in prison, the feminists went on hunger strike to protest, which attracted worldwide media attention and eventually forced the Wilson government to release those arrested. As a result, the influence of the women's suffrage movement was further expanded and was widely supported in a larger scope.

Thirdly, more and more people are aware that it is unreasonable and unfair not to give them the right to vote because of their gender. Judging by the access of women to the right to vote in countries around the world, "the movement towards full political equality of women and men is being strengthened in every constitutional state in the world. In half a dozen countries, women have been fully enfranchised. In Britain, the opposition is looking for conditions for surrender. In terms of the realization of women's suffrage in the United States, the progressive party was founded in 1912 by Theodore Roosevelt, leader of the "progressive movement". He was a fierce anti-woman campaigner. But later, seeing the performance of women in the progressive movement, he changed his mind and supported women to get the right to vote. Under his leadership, "progressives" gradually realized the importance of women's right to vote. In order to gain women's support for the "progressives", the progressive party made the struggle for women's right to vote a major goal of its activities. He explicitly included this goal in his party platform, denied that gender differences between men and women would lead to differences in rights and interests, and agreed that women should have the right to vote as men.

Finally, the outbreak of the first world war in a way greatly promoted the rapid development of the feminist movement in the United States in the early 20th century. As in every war in American history, during the war thousands of women poured into industry and public service, and they continued to do both. Women operate in the home and contribute to each family; At the same time, they actively went out of small families and approached the big society, and their hard work undoubtedly made great contributions to the war. The women formed the national league for women's service. Set up branches in various states to organize volunteers to guarantee and repair cars; To serve as a secretary in a government agency: as a nurse in the Red Cross; They also formed teams to take part in farm labor. In addition, "about 2,600 American women volunteered to serve on the frontline in Europe." (4) the women's hard work not only solved the wartime labor shortage dilemma, provided the safeguard for the war. More importantly, women's great contribution to the first world war finally enabled the legislature to look directly at women's ability to assume public obligations as men did, which undoubtedly helped to push the amendment of women's right to vote through the congress.

The 19th amendment to the United States constitution of 1920 provides, in paragraph 1, that the right to vote of citizens of the United States shall not be denied or denied by the United States or by any state on account of sex; Section Congress shall have the power to enforce this section by appropriate legislation. The United States of America has since become one of the countries on laws guarantee that women enjoy the right to vote, since 26 million working-age women in the United States finally achieved the same voting rights with men, "the women's suffrage amendment took effect, the states according to the specific condition of state law for the different levels of revision, allows women to have property, inheritance, and legacy, the original divorce law also made the corresponding modification, in order to safeguard the rights of women's economic and guardianship, while women the right to accept higher education, the employment opportunities of women also had a certain improvement."

First, the emergence of two female governors and a congresswoman became the highlight of American politics in the 1920s. The three were Rebecca and Mrs. Felton, who entered the United States senate in 1922, and Mrs. Nelly rose and Mrs. Miriam ferguson, who became governor of Wyoming and Texas in 1924 and 1925. Their election was directly related to women's access to the right to vote. Secondly. Women's right to vote not only enabled women to achieve political equality, but also provided more opportunities for women to participate in the economy in the 1920s. Women's employment has expanded as never before.

In a word, the final acquisition of women's right to vote is an important sign of women's great success in fighting for their own rights and the first step of women's real liberation. "The 19th amendment to the constitution formalized in legal form the same rights of American women as male citizens in politics. From then on, American women could reflect their own demands through political participation, which was undoubtedly a great progress. It paved the way for women to fight for other rights in the future." However, women's suffrage did not bring them real equality, and the ideal golden age did not come. The real situation and experience of women in the real social life are as predicted by Juliet Mitchell, a famous British feminist thinker: "in the bourgeois society, although women have obtained the equal right to vote with men in form, they have not fundamentally changed the social and economic status of women. The realization of women's right to vote is only a small but crucial step for women all over the world to completely and completely realize their own rights and interests. The substantial change of women's social and economic status and the real liberation of women still need a long historical process.

51due留学教育原创版权郑重声明：原创assignment代写范文源自编辑创作，未经官方许可，网站谢绝转载。对于侵权行为，未经同意的情况下，51Due有权追究法律责任。主要业务有assignment代写、essay代写、paper代写服务。

51due为留学生提供最好的assignment代写服务，亲们可以进入主页了解和获取更多assignment代写范文 提供北美作业代写服务，详情可以咨询我们的客服QQ：800020041。