美国作业代写：Gender Equality in South Korea

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的essay代写范文- Gender Equality in South Korea，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了韩国的两性平等。在韩国，两性平等的道路面临着来自历史、文化、政治和社会背景的多重挑战。从新儒学时代起，妇女的社会责任和角色就被限制在私人圈子里，以维持社会结构的稳定。在二十世纪五十年代，朝鲜战争和男子气概的优势使妇女更难以享有平等的权利。同样值得注意的是，无论社会条件如何，妇女总能在社会不平等中找到生存的途径。

The role of women in the South Korea society have changed dramatically during the war times and postwar periods. The external challenges faced by South Korean women had complex origins. However, having closely examined the historical, cultural and social backgrounds, it isn’t difficult to conclude that the suppression of women rights and exploitation of women back in the period originated from the ideology of a male dominant society. Such an ideology is commonly seen in the east Asian countries. Some of the ideas are still deeply rooted in the east Asian culture till the present day. The formation of an ideology is the result of a lot of factors, this essay will follow a chronological order in analyzing the different factors. From ancient times, the influence of Confucius in Korea has shaped the society in many ways. The role of gender is one of them. The ideal roles and responsibilities of men and women are the fundamentals of the later conditions. During the WWII period, the violence and militant dominant society again pushed the role of women into the margins of the society. After the wars, the conflict between modernization in the country, transformations in family structures and the traditional values further changed the way women were perceived in the society, and eventually shaped them into the roles that they are in today. Following the historical path of analysis, the women of South Korea have shown great resilience repeatedly, faced with unfair suppressions and challenges from a male dominant society, even in the present day.

The Neo-Confucianism in South Korea have formed the structure of the society back in the 14th century. According to Neo-Confucianism, the role of women in a society is defined by their biological features. Responsibilities of reproduction, housework and serving their husbands were among the most frequent notions. Neo-Confucianism believes in the spatial separation of sexes. By dividing the genders each member of the society would have a clear sense of responsibility and focus on whatever identity that the society gives them. In such a way stability of society is achieved. Women are considered subordination of males, whose role and identity are often limited and defined by their families and who they marry to, which they usually do not have a choice in. the core value and belief of a Confucius society is the establishment of a layered system. There were the rulers, and the subject who were ruled. The ruled must always be loyal to the ruler, just like a woman must always be loyal to her family, her father and her husband. It was highly praised in South Korea when a woman embodied true Confucian womanhood by showing her selfless devotion to her family in-law. Newly wed daughters-in-laws are often faced with criticism from her mother-in-law, but she must obey whatever she is told to do. The tradition is even commonly seen in the modern society. Such an ideology of subordination of women was so deeply rooted in the South Korea society for hundreds of years that even the modernization could not fully break its limits. In the South Korea nowadays, there are a parallel system of ideology. Although women through modernization have gained power and voice in society, the Neo-Confucianism has adapted in a way that still influence how people think about the role of women. Its influence is the most powerful in the unit of families and paternal relationships, where modernization has limited powers.

The androcentric tendencies of the Korean society were even amplified during and after the Korean Wars in the 1950s. In this period of time, not only the civil right of women, but also other groups, such as factory workers and students were suppressed. Under the rule of a military government in fear of the infiltration of communism, the South Korea society back then were suppressive of expression of ideas. Human rights were exploited when factory workers struggled to make a living. The violent relationship between the civil society and the military authorities made it more difficult for women to get rid of their existing identities and enter the public circles. Women were even more marginal in the society with little rights and almost no power to fight for equal rights against the men. Even if some obtained such powers, most women in South Korea back then were not educated and didn’t not see the importance of civil rights for themselves. During the war times, women is South Korea shared little of the real social responsibilities, most of whom were focused on caring for their family members in the private circle. In the 1980s, a struggle of women to fight against the authority in defense of their shantytowns failed, illustrating how difficult it was for women to stand up against the male dominant society. It was also thought provoking that under the influence of such ideology, even some of the women social activists thought that it was wrong for them to become rough in defense of their right, which didn’t fit the perfect image that the society had painted for them. The victims of gender suppression have become the defender of such suppression themselves.

In the 1990s, the traditional gender ideology in South Korea was challenged with modernization. The transformation of civil society was largely due to the reduced influence of military and violent factors in the society with termination of the war. The absence of violence in the society has made it possible for women to step into the public circle and take on more roles that are traditionally for males. Some women even had the chance to enter the political field. According to Soh’s studies, family structure and paternal nurturance were crucial in the daughter’s psychosocial developments. It is also proved that the absence of a father character seems to have a positive influence on a woman’s psychosocial development and occupational achievement. Although there is no clear evidence of how a father figure would influence a daughter, it can be conferred that the male ideology was the big obstacle in a family unit for the daughter to make achievements that are mostly made by males conventionally. The study of the women who have a successful political career has proved again that despite successes outside the private circles, the families in South Korea still serves as a limitation and negative influence for women to achieve the same social status as men do.

In summary, the path to gender equality in South Korea was faced with multiple challenges from historical, cultural, political and social backgrounds. Despite its successes in recent years, the limitation still exists in the form of family can is not likely to be broken in the near future. From the time of Neo-Confucianism, the social responsibilities and role of women has been confined in the private circles to sustain stability of social structure. in the 1950s, the Korean War and dominance of masculinity made it even more difficult for women to have equal rights. Some may argue that the political entrances of women figure mark the success of gender equality. However, that is not entirely true. The Neo-Confucianism had survived in the force of modernization and continued to exist in the unit of family and private circles. In such circles, even women themselves become defenders of male dominance. It is also remarkable that no matter what the social conditions are, women always find ways to survive in the inequality of society. The change and true transformation of the South Korea society into true gender equality may come slow with many obstacles along the way, but the resilience nature of women will always make sure that women prevail eventually.

Referneces:

Park, E. (2013). Kyŏnggyeŭiyŏsŏngdŭl: Han'gukkŭndaeyŏsŏngsa (women standing on the margins: Modern korean women's history) edited by chŏngchinsŏng (review). Seoul Journal of Korean Studies, 26(2), 405-407.

Moon, S. (2002). Carving out space: Civil society and the women's movement in south korea. The Journal of Asian Studies, 61(2), 473-500. doi:10.2307/2700298

Soh, C. S. (1993). Fathers and daughters: Paternal influence among korean women in politics. Ethos, 21(1), 53-78. doi:10.1525/eth.1993.21.1.02a00030

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