Jaspers' view of university system

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Jaspers' view of university system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了雅斯贝尔斯的大学制度观。大学制度是高校实现“双一流”建设的关键因素。大学制度在通常意义上来讲是指制度本身，即在大学环境中，要求大家共同遵守的办事规章或行动准则。雅斯贝尔斯将“大学自治”、“学术自由”等理念或精神也视为大学制度的基本内容，认为大学制度是保护大学精神得以实现的制度，既包括大学运行所需要的规范化管理、各种权利和义务在成员间的调配，也包括大学理念和大学文化的内容，大学制度是实现大学理念和形成大学文化的途径。雅斯贝尔斯所强调的制度包含了制度文化的含义，不只是大学制度的构建、实施以及各种具体规章制度的总和，还包括在这些过程中所蕴含的制度理念、制度传统和大学精神等。

Jaspers' view on the university system has certain enlightening significance to the construction of "double first-class" : the university system is the system that supports the development of modern universities, maintains the normal order of running schools and promotes the realization of university functions, as well as the system that realizes the university concept and guarantees academic freedom. The construction of "double first-class" should follow the objective law and academic logic of university development and constantly improve the educational management system according to the connotation and requirements of modern university system.

At present, the construction of "double first-class" has attracted the attention of the higher education circle and become the hot spot of the higher education reform. The construction of world-class universities and disciplines, the development of first-class academic research, and the training of first-class talents are all part of the construction of "double first-class". From the perspective of the essence of higher education and the internal requirements of "double first-class" construction, it is of vital importance to construct the first-class system and concept contained in the development process of colleges and universities. Jaspers, a famous German philosopher, specially discussed the relationship between institution, university development and university philosophy in his work the idea of university, and emphasized the human factor in the process of institution construction. Jaspers believes that the university system is the place where the idea of the university can be realized. To what extent the university transforms the idea into a concrete system determines the quality of the university. At present, the academic research on jaspers' educational thought mainly focuses on jaspers' educational essence view, teachers and students view, university concept, etc., while the research on jaspers' university system view is relatively few. Based on the actual situation of "double first-class" construction in China and the current situation of academic research on jaspers' thought, it is of great significance to review jaspers' university system concept for promoting the construction of "double first-class".

The university system is the key factor to realize the construction of "double first-class". In the general sense, the university system refers to the system itself, that is, in the university environment, requires everyone to abide by the rules of conduct or the code of conduct. Jaspers will "university autonomy" and "academic freedom" idea or spirit also regarded as the basic content of university system, think that the university system is to protect the realization of university spirit system, including both wanted by the operation of university standardization management, the deployment of various rights and obligations between the members, including university idea and the content of the university culture, university system is to realize the university idea and form the way of university culture. The institution emphasized by jaspers contains the meaning of institutional culture, not only the sum of the construction, implementation and various specific rules and regulations of the university system, but also the institutional ideas, institutional traditions and university spirit contained in these processes.

Jaspers believes that the institutional structure of universities has its own shortcomings that cannot be ignored. The organizational form and institutional design of universities are only the means to realize the concept of universities. However, he emphasizes the necessity of the existence of university system, that is, all tasks of universities must be completed by an institutional framework. The tasks of scientific research, teaching, personnel training, professional training and communication are all completed within the institutional framework established by the university, which requires infrastructure such as buildings and books, supporting organizations such as departments and their standardized management, as well as the distribution of rights and obligations. Therefore, the institutional structure of the university mainly includes three aspects: the development of academic activities, standardized management, and the distribution of rights and obligations. It is in such an environment that universities exist in an institutionalized physical form and university concepts become more specific. Jaspers analyzed the necessity of university system from the following aspects:

Academic activities are one of the basic activities of a university, and the university system is an umbrella for the continuation of academic life of scholars. On the one hand, the university system can provide sufficient material conditions for academic activities; On the other hand, academic achievements continue in the institutionalized environment of universities. The university system is the extension of the body and intelligence of university students. In universities, it should be a tradition to use institutional provisions to protect the academic life and work of scholars and provide convenience and guarantee for future generations to benefit from academic accumulation.

Jaspers put forward that the system is the reality of the idea, while the idea is the spiritual soul of the system. Although the concept of university is the core and soul of university culture, as an organizational ideology, the concept of university needs to provide guarantee for the university system. Only in such an institutional environment can the concept of university be presented in a concrete and realistic way. He believes that universities can only exist as institutionalized entities, and the concept of universities can only be meaningful if it penetrates into the system. Therefore, the degree to which the university system realizes the idea of the university will play a decisive role in the quality of the university. For the teachers and students living in the university, the university is not a place to meet the social needs, nor is it a means for them to seek benefits. Teachers and students should be integrated into the university philosophy, and the university philosophy must be attached to an entity's structure or system.

An institution is a purposeful mechanism for handling affairs in a more secure and secure manner. Jaspers argued that reasonable institutions should be clear and easy to understand, and that people should be willing to follow them, so that in doing so, they actually increase their personal freedom. The fundamental purpose of the establishment of the university system is to improve the freedom of individuals in the university, including freedom of thought, academic freedom and learning freedom. Among them, university autonomy and academic freedom are the root of the university system. "The goals of universities are research, education and professional training," jaspers said. "to achieve these goals, scholars must communicate with each other and with students, and students with each other." The purpose of the establishment of the university system is to establish and clarify the internal relations of the university, so that the university will become an academic organization with academic as its foundation, and the academic rights of scholars, as one of the subjects of the university, can be fully respected and enjoy academic freedom.

Jaspers' point of view on university system reflects the high unity of university system and university philosophy in content and form. In form, jaspers believes that the university idea and the university system complement each other, and any university system reflects the corresponding university idea, which needs to be supported by the university idea. In jaspers' opinion, university autonomy and academic freedom are the soul of university, the core idea of university, and the university system is the carrier to realize academic freedom, which can be better implemented in the institutional environment. Jaspers believes that the university system is not simply the formulation and implementation of external rules and regulations. In his opinion, the university concept is the internal soul and sublimation of the university system and the ideological form of the university system, while the university system is the concrete form of the university concept in the external order. The university system and the university philosophy complement each other. The purpose of constructing and perfecting the university system is to make the idea of the university better realized. As a result, jaspers suggests that students and faculty should not think of universities only as schools that meet people's degree needs, nor should they think of the university system as a simple institutional arrangement.

In terms of content, jaspers believes that academic freedom is the core concept of the university system. In universities, teachers are free to choose research content, to impart knowledge freely, and students to learn freely. This concept is to defend, carry forward and further develop the concept of Humboldt university. Whether it is scientific research, imparting knowledge or spiritual communication, academic freedom is indispensable. Jaspers believes that the reform of university education is mainly carried out from three aspects: university material level, university system level and university spirit level. The material reform of universities mainly depends on the construction and improvement of infrastructure, including teaching equipment, research institutions, libraries, etc. To reform the university system is to standardize the rules and regulations of the university, so that it can ensure the smooth development of the work of the university, such as the teacher selection system, management rules and regulations; The spiritual reform of the university is mainly aimed at the university philosophy, campus culture and so on. Based on this, jaspers believes that university education reform mainly includes the following two tasks: first, the standardized management of university hardware infrastructure; Distribution of rights and obligations in university organizations; The second is the advocacy and inheritance of the university concept. These two tasks involve material, institutional and spiritual reforms. In his opinion, these two reform tasks are inseparable, and university reform needs to be carried out simultaneously from inside and outside. However, he also believes that the two tasks are not equally important, and the reconstruction of university spirit and university concept is the primary task of university reform. Because university spirit and university idea are the essence of a university, they play a decisive role in the reform and development of the university.

Jaspers' view of university system has certain enlightening significance to the construction of university system in the construction of "double first-class". The university system is not only a system to support the existence of modern universities, maintain their normal order of running schools, and promote the realization of their functions, but also a system to realize the university concept and guarantee academic freedom. In his analysis of the university system, he fully affirmed the necessity of the existence of the university system, emphasizing that the institution is not only the place for the realization of the university idea, but also the place for the exploration of the truth for the individual university. Jaspers believes that the university system should always follow the objective law and academic logic of university development, which is the most fundamental point of jaspers' university system thought.

The construction of "double first-class" should always adhere to the concept of "system serving people" and "constantly revising the university system", so as to create an institutional environment conducive to academic freedom. Jaspers believes that the shortcomings of the system itself make it difficult to perfectly realize the university idea, so although the system is a reasonable way to realize the university idea, it will give up the university idea in this process and leave some regrets in practice. The implementation of the university system itself is a process of correcting mistakes and realizing scientific design. Modern university system depends on each university according to their own situation to explore, and then establish a set of suitable system. As an independent academic and cultural organization, universities carry out knowledge production, academic exchange and cultural communication activities. Knowledge and academic freedom are the core concepts of universities, and the university system should run along the track of realizing the concept of universities. Creating a favorable institutional environment is a powerful way to carry out institutional construction. However, a favorable institutional environment is not only realized by formulating a few institutions and issuing a few policies, but also requires a long-term and gradual formation process, which is gradually formed through the subtle influence of a benign institutional culture. At present, the construction of "double first-class" in China is more important to improve the internal governance of the school, construct the new management structure of the school, and constantly improve the system on the premise of adhering to the "academic" of the university. The university system is not unchangeable. No matter what kind of university system, it should take the promotion of academic development and personnel training as the fundamental logic.

Talents are the cells that constitute the organism of university, and they maintain and promote the development of university. As an organization engaged in a variety of activities, the university relies on a variety of roles in the school to fulfill their responsibilities. Jaspers believes that both the selection of new teachers and the appointment of professors should adhere to academic standards. Colleges and universities should constantly improve the talent selection system and give full play to the selection function of the open recruitment mechanism during the construction of "double first-class". As for the evaluation of teachers, jaspers believes that the promotion evaluation system of university teachers should be different from the administrative evaluation system, and the original and academic work results of teachers should be the main evaluation standard. At present, the assessment methods adopted by colleges and universities in China are mainly based on teachers' teaching hours, the number of papers published and the number of projects undertaken, etc., which lack of attention to the unique contributions and originality made by teachers in academic research, which need to be improved through scientific system design.

The construction of "double first-class" should be centered on the cultivation of talents. Jaspers made a preliminary analysis of the relationship between institution and people in the book the idea of university. In his opinion, institution is a mechanism containing purpose, and institution is designed to deal with affairs in a more standardized and secure way. For the development of universities, the most critical factor lies in people rather than system. In the process of promoting the construction of "double tops", the criterion to judge the construction level is whether it can attract and train the best talents, and whether it can provide the most favorable conditions for scientific research, teaching activities and cultural exchanges. One of the important tasks of the construction of "double first-class" is to cultivate top-notch innovative talents, give full play to the role of "university people", and at the same time to build the university culture of students and pay attention to the emotional spirit of university people. "University people" include not only teachers and administrators, but also doctors, masters and a large number of undergraduate talents. In the concrete implementation process, the school should take the unified system category as the foundation, put forward the different request to the different discipline, the different level teacher, provides the flexible space for the school department, the teacher. Pay more attention to the role of students in the construction of the university system, give students a certain right to speak, and at the same time form the external guarantee of students' free study in the system.

The construction of university spiritual culture is the foundation of the construction of "double first-class". University spirit is the natural accumulation of university in its long history. When the concept of a period of university plays a positive role in guiding and promoting the development of the university, then the concept of the period of university will accumulate into the excellent culture of the university, and become an organic part of the university spirit in the process of continuous inheritance and development. Another way is that universities actively pursue the "characteristics" of universities in order to meet the needs of economic and political development and create favorable conditions for their own survival and development on the basis of conforming to the laws of education. Whether it is the spontaneous generation of university culture or the active pursuit of university characteristics, the formation of university spirit culture is a long-term and gradual historical process, but also a unique cultural transmutation phenomenon. Jaspers believes that, as the core and soul of university culture, university philosophy needs the university system to provide organizational guarantee, and only in such an institutional environment can university philosophy be presented in a specific and realistic way. The construction of material culture, spiritual culture and institutional culture is an important part of the construction of university culture. Therefore, the integration of university spirit into material culture, spiritual culture and institutional culture can effectively promote the construction of university spiritual culture.

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