Social and Political Reform during the Victorian Era

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Social and Political Reform during the Victorian Era，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了维多利亚时代的社会和政治改革。英国的维多利亚时代，即1837年到1901年维多利亚女王统治的时期。宪章运动是1838年至1857年英国工人阶级进行的一场政治改革，这是一场全国性的抗议运动，目的是向工人们请愿，要求减少苦难，增加政治生活中的民主。而在1867年的改革法案下，城市工人越来越多地进入了政治生活。社会运动使工人阶级在公开谈论他们的政治要求和表达他们的想法。

Introduction

The Victorian Era of the United Kingdom and its overseas Empire was the period of Queen Victoria’s rule from 1837 to 1901. This period is considered relatively peaceful and Britain reached the highest prosperity. As a consequence, social movement, political reform became more frequent as a sign of active social activities. In order to better understand the social realist novelists like Charles Dickinson, it is necessary for us to study the social and political reform during the Victorian Era. “The leading Victorian writers like Dickens, George Eliot, Benjamin Disraeli and Elizabeth Gaskell attempted to represent and diagnose the social problems of England in their works” (Oshi et al, 2015). They want to show solutions and diagnosis the social problems in England through writing realistic novels. Therefore, in order to better their writing initiatives, it is necessary to understand the social and political reform during Victoria’s reign.

The Social and Political Reform

In the nineteenth century, England faced the French and the Industrial Revolutions one after another. The poor, women and children are the mostly suffered (Srayisah, 2017). Under the influence of Industrial Revolution, they had to work under poor conditions to gain daily food. The society witnessed many tragedies as Dickens described in his novel. Also, female sufferings and fates were frequently lent in novels (Srayisah, 2017). Their literature image became more influential. Even it is a time prosperous for the rich and capital class, it is a good time for the poor and women. The gap between the rich and the poor deepens.

The Victoria Era is a period when rationalism that defined the Georgian period is gradually resisted and romanticism and mysticism grew more and more important in religion, social values and arts (Dixon, 2010). It sees more and more liberal works in art, literature and daily life. The active economic activities and industrial development made people’s mind more active. The life in the upper class of the society shows more romanticism with clothes showing more and more delicate styles and literature novels involving in more social problems.

Social movement like Chartism, the dominant working-class movement of the time took place. Chartism was a political reform from the working-class from 1838 to 1857 in Britain. It was a national protest movement to show workers petition on reducing suffering and increasing democracy in the political life. It did not produce any true reforms, even though its political pursuit is more participation from the working class and young people. It was under the Reform Act 1867 that urban workingmen were admitted more and more to the political life. The original political standpoints like secret voting became eligible later. The social movement made the working class more confident in speaking publicly about their political demands and expressing their ideas. They were more confident in writing and literacy work became important. “These societies instructed their members in the business of governance-knowledge which could be, and frequently was, later transferred to other causes” (Griffin, 2014).

Internationally, the Victorian Era showed its dominance around the world. The Royal Navy helped Britain explore more parts of the world and conquering the world, like colonizing India, Africa and South America. The Great Britain became the leader of the world. With the resources from around the world, liberal ways of life became more and more popular. The society became diverse with products and it was a time for the upper class and rich people.

The social reform took place in a gradual way that the political agenda increasingly became liberal. The demographic change was obvious. The voting agenda was reformed for more voters. There are two parties, the Liberal and the Conservatives. Labor Party also later developed to be a major party. The liberal political life meant various voices from parties were encouraged and the reform took place in a gradual way. Working class being great pressured by the industrial reform became an important force. Political reform meant more and more democracy from the working class and all parties. “A vital of any explanation must be the emergence of an organized women’s movement in Britain in the 1850s that fought tenaciously for improvements to women’s right” (Griffin, 2012).

In conclusion, the Victorian Era is a great and prosperous time for economy, art, literature and social life. The social and political form took place in aspects that shaped the greatest liberty in Britain. The social and political changes made the British glory as well as people’s minds.

Reference:

Ahmed, Pro Dr Yousif Omer Babker, and Mashair Mohammed Jumaaoshi. "The Conditions of England as Reflected by Dickens Social Novel." Journal of Science and Technology 16.1 2015.

Dixon, N. From Georgian to Victorian. History Review, vol. 68, 2010, pp. 34–38.

Griffin, B. The Politics of Gender in Victorian Britain: Masculinity, Political Culture and the Struggle for Women's Rights. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge, 2012.

Griffin, E. The Making of the Chartists: Popular Politics and Working-Class Autobiography in Early Victorian Britain. The English Historical Review, vol. 129, no. 538, 2014, pp. 578-605.

Srayisah, May H. "Victorian Women in Literature." Revista De Stiinte Politice, no. 54, 2017, pp. 141.

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