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建立人际资源圈New Paradigm of Interdisciplinary Investigations--论文代写范文精选
2016-02-16 来源: 51due教员组 类别: Paper范文
51Due论文代写网精选paper代写范文：“Elaboration of the New Paradigm of Interdisciplinary Investigations” 这篇paper代写范文对建立一个接近现实的复杂现象进行了探讨。认识论作为认知过程的理论,是游离于常规之外的。制定一个综合信息系统的假设，这样的假设是基于基础，建立一个统一的认知方法,使得它可以进行复杂的跨学科研究，作为一个独立的学科,有自己的方法和特殊的对象。这篇paper代写范文讲述了这一问题，之前声明的科学想法渴望被倾听和理解。
In the article, the problem of construction a meta-theory for approaching the complex phenomena of Reality is discussed. The idea is expressed that epistemology, as the theory of cognitive process, has a dissociative character. The postulate of an integrated information system is formulated. Such postulate is a suggested basis for creation of a unified methodology of cognition (investigation) which makes it possible to elaborate a new paradigm of interdisciplinary investigations as a separate scientific discipline which has its own methods and special objects. The article will be of interest to philosophers and methodologists of science.
Key words and phrases: complex phenomena, theory of consciousness, criteria of scientific approach, cognitive paradoxes, epistemological verification, interdisciplinary investigations.
INTRODUCTION
Before stating a scientific idea with a desire to be heard and understood, one must see if the following three conditions are met: First, the idea should be sufficiently substantiated and simple enough to be set forth. Second, an appropriate cognitive environment should be identified in which to advance this idea. Finally, the historic moment for society to apprehend this idea must also be appropriate. As to the first, this thesis concerns substantive theoretical work on the methodology of interdisciplinary investigations using the information-systemic approach under the general title “The Fundamentals of Nonstatistical Analysis” (or, Nonstatanalysis).
As to the second, restrained optimism still exists in the scientific circles regarding the possibility of approaching the most enigmatic phenomena of Reality. As to the third, the crisis of scientific methodology resonates with energetic, economic, ecological, and socio-political crises, which comprise the general crisis of human societies and planetary life. Since science is an integral part of cognitive activity, a breakthrough in scientific methodology will influence all social processes and the course of post-modern civilization. At the present “post-historic” moment, theoretical works that search out ways of making it through the methodological crisis deserve tolerant consideration.
LOOKING FOR THE WAYS OUT OF THE CRISIS
Existing scientific disciplines had their origins. The old natural philosophy was supplanted by the different sciences, each separated according to the objects of investigation. To study complex phenomena, the different sciences are required, though we may imagine a symbiosis of sciences. Such a symbiosis is not always efficient because of each science has its own special methodology, and differing methodologies are not always compatible. For example, the methodology of physics has been developed around physical objects, processes and forces and cannot be effectively used when investigating social or psi-phenomena. The task emerges in this time to work out a unified methodology for investigating complex phenomena, and thus, to conceive interdisciplinary investigations as a distinct, veridical, self-sustaining scientific discipline.
The accumulation of information about phenomena which cannot be approached using the existing and can be regarded as symptomatic of the epistemological crisis. Really, science can say almost nothing about the mechanisms of mind operation or about the etiologies of many diseases. Many peculiarities in animal behaviour remain mysterious. The nature of elementary particles is far from being clear; quantum theory cannot explain the details of nucleon interaction. Unsolved remain the problems of the emergence and evolution of life on Earth and in particular the evolution of consciousness. There are no satisfactory explanations to a limitless array of anomalous phenomena, etc. The situation looks like the crisis in physics at the end of nineteenth century. The question of cognizability of Reality again becomes topical. A possible way through the crisis could be creating a and (as constituent elements of a particular meta-theory, or system of knowledge). This new meta-theory, in interaction with existing ones, might provide approaches to any phenomenon or process. Nonstatanalysis is a candidate for such a meta-theory.
THE REFERENCE POINTS FOR ELABORATION OF THE SPECIAL META-THEORY
The creation of an intellectual product (or, production of mental output) is the determinative feature of the Human as the participant in and subject of the cognitive process. Any intellectual product is created with a certain approach. Assuming that any approach may be described as having a certain aim and a certain set of consecutive cognitive actions to achieve this aim. Such a set of cognitive actions used to fix rules of a cognitive process I will name the criteria of approach. In practice, the aim and criteria of approach may correspond or not. I will call rational (reasonable, clever, etc.) and expedient an intellectual product for which the aim and criteria of approach correspond. I will call a field of expediency the set of expedient intellectual products created under such particular aims and criteria. The aim of and criteria of approach may be called the limits of this field of expediency, or canon. Thus, every intellectual product may be attributed to a canon. The Human involved in the cognitive process is creating an intellectual product, and thus carrying out a certain experiment.
The results of such an experiment may be evaluated regarding the extent to which the created metatheory makes it possible to develop applied theories, which can be verified experimentally. To ensure the integrity of the experiment in constructing this meta-theory, I deliberately did not carry out my research on the basis of any others’ results. This allowed me opportunity to avoid the mistakes of others, and it now allows investigating my own work for compatibility with other authors’ works. Therefore, the ideas in this article are offered as the author’s personal ideas. If some ideas or conclusions coincide with the works of others, it means that two independent authors have determined for themselves the similar criteria of approach.
WAYS OF FORMATION OF THE BASE OF NOTIONS
The next criterion of approach for creating a meta-theory is forming its base of notions (primitives, concepts). Each scientific discipline uses its own notional base and terminology. There are many received or commonly understood notions which haven’t a mono-semantic meaning. Examples include , , , , , , , , , , , etc. Beginning any verbal exposition necessitates a conceptual (semantic) tautology. This problem inevitably arises with the starting notions of any meta-theory. (In the next section of the article I propose a solution to this problem.) But our task is not to formulate absolutely initial definitions.
The only demand is that all explanatory assertions must be within limits of the Nonstatanalysis’ field of expediency. In the notional base of Nonstatanalysis, everything, which pertains to a meta-theory, can be called an element of such a system. A pertinent element, somehow or other, influences the system. Any system has at least two elements. The interaction of such two elements or the interaction of the system and any of its elements is a relation (or reference). The is its sense of the other. The sense of the element in reference to the meta-theory is simultaneously a denotatum and a notion. Within the context of a metatheory, any element appears as a denotatum-notion complex. The sense of the element (as denotatum) is its property, and the sense of the element (as notion) is its meaning. Both denotatum and notion comprise the cognitive sense of an element. During the process of cognition, any element of a meta-theory may be described with denotatum as its property and notion as its meaning.
Both the property and meaning of an element depend on a certain CSS principle. In other words, both properties and meaning of the element as denotatum-notion complex are acquired. In consequence of setting its cognitive sense, such an element (as denotatum) is being denoted and (as notion) is being introduced. The denotatum-notion complex is a denotatum denoted by a notion, which, in turn, is being introduced. To stipulate the cognitive sense of the elements – it is an epistemological function of CSS principles in the process of cognition. These principles, in turn, also are reiterative (service) elements of the same meta-theory and have their own installed cognitive sense. Thus appears a functional tautology.
The cognitive sense setting appears as the self-organizing cognitive process of its own meta-theory. Each element of the meta-theory may be said to fulfil a discrete epistemological function in a cognitive process according to its cognitive sense. A denotatum-notion complex, which has acquired both properties and meaning in consequence of cognitive sense setting, is an object of cognition. An object of cognition has a cognitive sense only in reference to that other necessary element of a meta-theory, which is the subject of cognition (e.g. a Human, observer, investigator, etc.). When the subject of cognition makes a cognitive action – , this means that the subject of cognition links the cognitive frame of reference (CFR) with the object of cognition and starts carrying out the process of cognition. Since the subject of cognition not only observes a phenomenon but also carries out the process of cognition, it is important to use the notion cognitive frame of reference together with the physics notions of frame of reference and observer. When the subject of cognition makes a cognitive action , the resulting kind of functional tautology is called consciousness. (Human as subject of the cognitive process cannot consciously experience the outer world without simultaneously consciously experiencing of oneself as an object of cognitive process, which [this object] is a part of the outer world). In this manner, describes as a kind of absence of one’s own cognitive sense within one’s own metatheory (e.g., personal worldview/mindset).
Unlikely the notions, the CSS principles of Nonstatanalysis may be regarded as having an aperspectival, unitary tendency. Notions sometimes are transposed from one domain to another. For example, the term defines a certain physics notion. But the notion in psychology is more metaphorical. Such a transposition of a notion from one domain to another I name a notion-metaphor transmutation. On the other hand, if the notion is being used without referring to its correspondent denotatum, such a practice is called a notion hypostatization and the notion in-itself is regarded as an independent entity.
Forming interdisciplinary language, is not only a similarity among notions, but also a similarity of cognitive sense is important. Such a formation of interdisciplinary language allows also an avoidance of notion hypostatization. All notions/concepts/primitives of Nonstatanalysis have unequivocal treatment; that is, they are aperspectival, such that they are invariant in the expedient quantity of . This means that when the expedient quantity of the subjects of cognition will use the same CSS principles to create notions, the problem of intersubjectivity will not arise.
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如果满足以下三个条件:第一,这个想法应该足够证明,简单阐述。其次,应确定一个适当的认知环境中推进这一想法。最后,在社会的历史进程中，也应时刻理解这个想法。下面的paper代写范文进行详述。
AbstractIn the article, the problem of construction a meta-theory for approaching the complex phenomena of Reality is discussed. The idea is expressed that epistemology, as the theory of cognitive process, has a dissociative character. The postulate of an integrated information system is formulated. Such postulate is a suggested basis for creation of a unified methodology of cognition (investigation) which makes it possible to elaborate a new paradigm of interdisciplinary investigations as a separate scientific discipline which has its own methods and special objects. The article will be of interest to philosophers and methodologists of science.
Key words and phrases: complex phenomena, theory of consciousness, criteria of scientific approach, cognitive paradoxes, epistemological verification, interdisciplinary investigations.
INTRODUCTION
Before stating a scientific idea with a desire to be heard and understood, one must see if the following three conditions are met: First, the idea should be sufficiently substantiated and simple enough to be set forth. Second, an appropriate cognitive environment should be identified in which to advance this idea. Finally, the historic moment for society to apprehend this idea must also be appropriate. As to the first, this thesis concerns substantive theoretical work on the methodology of interdisciplinary investigations using the information-systemic approach under the general title “The Fundamentals of Nonstatistical Analysis” (or, Nonstatanalysis).
As to the second, restrained optimism still exists in the scientific circles regarding the possibility of approaching the most enigmatic phenomena of Reality. As to the third, the crisis of scientific methodology resonates with energetic, economic, ecological, and socio-political crises, which comprise the general crisis of human societies and planetary life. Since science is an integral part of cognitive activity, a breakthrough in scientific methodology will influence all social processes and the course of post-modern civilization. At the present “post-historic” moment, theoretical works that search out ways of making it through the methodological crisis deserve tolerant consideration.
LOOKING FOR THE WAYS OUT OF THE CRISIS
Existing scientific disciplines had their origins. The old natural philosophy was supplanted by the different sciences, each separated according to the objects of investigation. To study complex phenomena, the different sciences are required, though we may imagine a symbiosis of sciences. Such a symbiosis is not always efficient because of each science has its own special methodology, and differing methodologies are not always compatible. For example, the methodology of physics has been developed around physical objects, processes and forces and cannot be effectively used when investigating social or psi-phenomena. The task emerges in this time to work out a unified methodology for investigating complex phenomena, and thus, to conceive interdisciplinary investigations as a distinct, veridical, self-sustaining scientific discipline.
The accumulation of information about phenomena which cannot be approached using the existing and can be regarded as symptomatic of the epistemological crisis. Really, science can say almost nothing about the mechanisms of mind operation or about the etiologies of many diseases. Many peculiarities in animal behaviour remain mysterious. The nature of elementary particles is far from being clear; quantum theory cannot explain the details of nucleon interaction. Unsolved remain the problems of the emergence and evolution of life on Earth and in particular the evolution of consciousness. There are no satisfactory explanations to a limitless array of anomalous phenomena, etc. The situation looks like the crisis in physics at the end of nineteenth century. The question of cognizability of Reality again becomes topical. A possible way through the crisis could be creating a and (as constituent elements of a particular meta-theory, or system of knowledge). This new meta-theory, in interaction with existing ones, might provide approaches to any phenomenon or process. Nonstatanalysis is a candidate for such a meta-theory.
THE REFERENCE POINTS FOR ELABORATION OF THE SPECIAL META-THEORY
The creation of an intellectual product (or, production of mental output) is the determinative feature of the Human as the participant in and subject of the cognitive process. Any intellectual product is created with a certain approach. Assuming that any approach may be described as having a certain aim and a certain set of consecutive cognitive actions to achieve this aim. Such a set of cognitive actions used to fix rules of a cognitive process I will name the criteria of approach. In practice, the aim and criteria of approach may correspond or not. I will call rational (reasonable, clever, etc.) and expedient an intellectual product for which the aim and criteria of approach correspond. I will call a field of expediency the set of expedient intellectual products created under such particular aims and criteria. The aim of and criteria of approach may be called the limits of this field of expediency, or canon. Thus, every intellectual product may be attributed to a canon. The Human involved in the cognitive process is creating an intellectual product, and thus carrying out a certain experiment.
The results of such an experiment may be evaluated regarding the extent to which the created metatheory makes it possible to develop applied theories, which can be verified experimentally. To ensure the integrity of the experiment in constructing this meta-theory, I deliberately did not carry out my research on the basis of any others’ results. This allowed me opportunity to avoid the mistakes of others, and it now allows investigating my own work for compatibility with other authors’ works. Therefore, the ideas in this article are offered as the author’s personal ideas. If some ideas or conclusions coincide with the works of others, it means that two independent authors have determined for themselves the similar criteria of approach.
WAYS OF FORMATION OF THE BASE OF NOTIONS
The next criterion of approach for creating a meta-theory is forming its base of notions (primitives, concepts). Each scientific discipline uses its own notional base and terminology. There are many received or commonly understood notions which haven’t a mono-semantic meaning. Examples include , , , , , , , , , , , etc. Beginning any verbal exposition necessitates a conceptual (semantic) tautology. This problem inevitably arises with the starting notions of any meta-theory. (In the next section of the article I propose a solution to this problem.) But our task is not to formulate absolutely initial definitions.
The only demand is that all explanatory assertions must be within limits of the Nonstatanalysis’ field of expediency. In the notional base of Nonstatanalysis, everything, which pertains to a meta-theory, can be called an element of such a system. A pertinent element, somehow or other, influences the system. Any system has at least two elements. The interaction of such two elements or the interaction of the system and any of its elements is a relation (or reference). The is its sense of the other. The sense of the element in reference to the meta-theory is simultaneously a denotatum and a notion. Within the context of a metatheory, any element appears as a denotatum-notion complex. The sense of the element (as denotatum) is its property, and the sense of the element (as notion) is its meaning. Both denotatum and notion comprise the cognitive sense of an element. During the process of cognition, any element of a meta-theory may be described with denotatum as its property and notion as its meaning.
Both the property and meaning of an element depend on a certain CSS principle. In other words, both properties and meaning of the element as denotatum-notion complex are acquired. In consequence of setting its cognitive sense, such an element (as denotatum) is being denoted and (as notion) is being introduced. The denotatum-notion complex is a denotatum denoted by a notion, which, in turn, is being introduced. To stipulate the cognitive sense of the elements – it is an epistemological function of CSS principles in the process of cognition. These principles, in turn, also are reiterative (service) elements of the same meta-theory and have their own installed cognitive sense. Thus appears a functional tautology.
The cognitive sense setting appears as the self-organizing cognitive process of its own meta-theory. Each element of the meta-theory may be said to fulfil a discrete epistemological function in a cognitive process according to its cognitive sense. A denotatum-notion complex, which has acquired both properties and meaning in consequence of cognitive sense setting, is an object of cognition. An object of cognition has a cognitive sense only in reference to that other necessary element of a meta-theory, which is the subject of cognition (e.g. a Human, observer, investigator, etc.). When the subject of cognition makes a cognitive action – , this means that the subject of cognition links the cognitive frame of reference (CFR) with the object of cognition and starts carrying out the process of cognition. Since the subject of cognition not only observes a phenomenon but also carries out the process of cognition, it is important to use the notion cognitive frame of reference together with the physics notions of frame of reference and observer. When the subject of cognition makes a cognitive action , the resulting kind of functional tautology is called consciousness. (Human as subject of the cognitive process cannot consciously experience the outer world without simultaneously consciously experiencing of oneself as an object of cognitive process, which [this object] is a part of the outer world). In this manner, describes as a kind of absence of one’s own cognitive sense within one’s own metatheory (e.g., personal worldview/mindset).
Unlikely the notions, the CSS principles of Nonstatanalysis may be regarded as having an aperspectival, unitary tendency. Notions sometimes are transposed from one domain to another. For example, the term defines a certain physics notion. But the notion in psychology is more metaphorical. Such a transposition of a notion from one domain to another I name a notion-metaphor transmutation. On the other hand, if the notion is being used without referring to its correspondent denotatum, such a practice is called a notion hypostatization and the notion in-itself is regarded as an independent entity.
Forming interdisciplinary language, is not only a similarity among notions, but also a similarity of cognitive sense is important. Such a formation of interdisciplinary language allows also an avoidance of notion hypostatization. All notions/concepts/primitives of Nonstatanalysis have unequivocal treatment; that is, they are aperspectival, such that they are invariant in the expedient quantity of . This means that when the expedient quantity of the subjects of cognition will use the same CSS principles to create notions, the problem of intersubjectivity will not arise.
51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有；未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象，51Due保留一切法律追诉权。
更多paper代写范文欢迎访问我们主页 www.51due.com 当然有paper代写需求可以和我们24小时在线客服 QQ:800020041 联系交流。-X
