蝴蝶效应起源范文-留学生Assignment代写范文

Assignment代写范文:蝴蝶效应起源范文 本文章主要讲解了蝴蝶效应的起因,了解蝴蝶效应所代表的意义.

EDUARDO ZARZA GARCíA, a 55-year-old Nahuatl indian, remembers that when he was a boy, the arrival of millions of butterflies to the hills above his home in central Mexico was associated with the Day of the Dead on November 2nd. His grandparents would say that the palomas (doves), as they were called, were the spirits of his ancestors, paying an annual visit.

Even after Canadian zoologists discovered in 1975 that the butterflies were in fact the familiar monarchs that laid eggs and hatched during the summer in the United States and Canada, the science was no less alluring. In late autumn, the almost weightless butterflies flutter about 1,500 miles (2,400 km) south to reach a few clumps of fir trees in Mexico where they hibernate and mate. Unlike migrating birds, none has ever made the journey before, making it one of North America’s most extraordinary natural phenomena.

So it should be an inspiring symbol for North America, whose three leaders met on February 19th in Toluca, within 35 miles (56km) of the Piedra Herrada butterfly sanctuary, to celebrate the 20th anniversary of the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA). But it isn’t. Data collected by the Mexican environment ministry and the World Wildlife Fund, a charity, show that over the last two decades, the size of the monarch population in Mexico has plummeted — at least as measured by the number of hectares they occupy. In a letter ahead of the summit, campaigners urged President Barack Obama and his counterparts to address the issue.

Traditionally, the finger of blame for the declining numbers has been pointed at the Mexicans. Illegal logging has affected much of the fir cover that the butterflies need to keep warm. However, the environmentalists who signed the letter grudgingly acknowledged that the Mexicans were becoming better custodians.

Not so Americans and Canadians, who they blamed for using modern farming methods that wipe out the milkweed on which the butterflies’ larvae feed on the insects’ staggered journey north, also hitting their numbers. The monarchs’ defenders say increasing use of genetically modified crops, which are resistant to herbicides, encourages farmers to spray a weedkiller, glyphosate, on their fields, destroying milkweed. They propose establishing a “milkweed corridor” along roadsides and on the edge of fields along their migratory route, especially in the United States and Canada.

The issue is likely to be ignored at the summit. But it should not have been. At a time when NAFTA is badly in need of a new impetus, the rescue of the monarch could have been a compelling metaphor. It is, after all, an example of seamless borders: the offspring (call them “dreamers”) is born in the United States and Canada; the oldies (call them sun-seekers) flock to Mexico. It also shows shared enterprise: The mating (call it assembly, or maquiladora) occurs in Mexico; the finished product delights everyone further north.

Villagers of San Mateo Almomoloa say the rescue plan would be fairer, too. They are poor yet have done their bit to reduce illegal logging. Americans and Canadians are much richer, and have millions of miles of roadside that could usefully be covered with milkweed.

What is more, thanks to tourists who flock to the monarchs’ winter habitat, they reckon at least 400 locals make a living from the butterflies — taking visitors on horseback, or providing them with tacos, or protecting the sanctuary. If the monarchs were to stop coming, that source of income would dry up. Then they may be the ones migrating north, instead of the butterflies.

U.S. meteorologist Lorenz (Lorenz) 1963 put forward a paper called 'deterministic non-periodic flow', which according to the laws of atmospheric movement, the establishment of a simplified mathematical model, the three variables autonomous ODE group, which is the famous Lorenz equations, Lorenz after research found that when the parameters of this equation to take some value, complex and uncertain trajectory Games changed, with sensitive dependence on initial conditions, that is, the initial conditions differences in the behavior of the smallest rail line will cause unpredictable. It is based on the numerical analysis, Lorenz was concluded that the long-term weather forecasting is impossible to visualize the argument is called the butterfly effect.

This discovery was significant, so that scientists do not understand, several scientific journals have also disapproved of his article, that 'contrary to common sense': similar to the initial value is substituted into the equation to determine the results should also be similar fishes, how can greatly away from it!

December 1979, Lorenz (Lorenz) in Washington AAAS lecture again raised: a butterfly flapping its wings in Brazil, it may cause a tornado in Texas in the United States. His speech and conclusions to the people left a very deep impression. Since then, says the so-called 'butterfly effect' and it spread like wildfire, notoriety.

He said a South American Amazon rainforest butterfly, occasionally flapping its wings a few, may cause a tornado in two weeks in Texas. The reason is: the movement of butterfly wings, leading to its side of the air system changes, and cause weak flow generation, and the generation of weak flow around it will cause air or other system to produce a corresponding change in the resulting chain reaction, eventually lead to significant changes in other systems. Lorentz do this phenomenon dubbed the 'butterfly effect', meaning that there is no relationship between an opinion on the surface, very tiny things that may bring great change.

Linear, defined as the ratio of a linear relationship between the amount of volume in space and time represents the rules and smooth movement; refers to the non-linear relationship is not to scale, not a straight line, representing the irregular movement and mutations. Such as Q: two eyes, visual acuity is an eye several times? It is easy to think twice, can actually be 6-10 times! This is non-linear: 1 + 1 does not equal 2.

Laser generation of nonlinear! When the applied voltage is small, like ordinary laser lights, light scattering in all directions; but when the applied voltage reaches a certain value, suddenly appears a new phenomenon: if excited atoms hear 'Xiangyoukanqi' command, transmitting the phase of the coherent monochromatic light and direction, is the laser.

Non-linear characteristics are: cross-sectional various professional penetration in various fields, can almost be said: 'everywhere and always have.' Such as: the existence of chaotic motion of celestial bodies; electrical, optical and acoustic oscillations, will suddenly stuck chaos; geomagnetic field in 400 million years, the direction of mutation 16 times, but also because of chaos. Even the man himself, they are actually nonlinear: contrary to conventional thinking, healthy people EEG and heart beat is not the rule, but chaos, chaos is the vitality of the performance, chaotic system response to external stimuli, faster than non-chaotic system. Thus, nonlinear around us, a bad penny.

'The Butterfly Effect' has been fascinating, exciting, thought-provoking, not only in the imagination of its bold colors and stunning aesthetics, but also in its profound meaning and inherent scientific philosophy charm. Chaos theory is that in the chaotic system, very small changes in initial conditions through continuous zoom, its future status will cause a very great difference. A little weird, but it can really cause such consequences. A wise leader must be a preventive measure, it seems there are some things that can cause tiny collective internal disintegration, when it not too late?

2003, the United States found a suspected case of mad cow disease, immediately gave the U.S. economic recovery has just brought a very destructive hurricane. Fanning 'butterfly wings' is the other end of the hapless 'mad cow' by the impact, the first output value of up to $ 175 billion of the U.S. beef industry and 1.4 million jobs; cattle owners want to feed as a source of U.S. corn and soybean industry has also been affected, the futures prices show a downward trend. But ultimately fueled the 'mad cow Hurricane' to maximize the loss of, or the United States consumer confidence in beef products appear to decline. In a globalized world, which not only caused panic in the United States catering business depression, and even spread to the world, at least 11 countries have announced an emergency ban American beef imports, even beyond our shores Chinese residents in Guangdong and other places are on the western dining at arm's length. This is reminiscent of the current crop of bird flu, initially in individual countries found bird flu, and soon spread to the world, even in the absence of bird flu found in the region or country, people will 'talk about chickens.'

As another example, you can imagine an American smoking and Chinese inflation have anything to do? Suppose the United States now has a person to smoke, not accidentally extinguished cigarette butts thrown on the bed, then go to work, and about 20 minutes later, a cigarette ignited bed slowly, fire growing, gradually spread to neighbors , causing gas tank explosions. This time, the Americans have been on the 'terrorist attacks' frightened, and this perpetrator (who throw cigarette butts) but forgot that he had thrown a cigarette, so in the case temporarily unable to identify the cause of, temporarily designated as 'terrorist attacks . 'Thus, terrified people have to sell stocks, causing the stock market crash. People falling consumer confidence affecting the entire American economy, and finally cause the dollar, due to the continued depreciation of the dollar, making dollar-denominated prices of basic raw materials, the yuan pegged to the dollar price rose accordingly. Resulting in raw material-based commodity prices, causing China's cost-pull inflation.

This example compares exaggerated, for the simply stated: When we explain an economic phenomenon, if you can not find the answer from the conventional analysis, we must consider those factors seem insignificant, but this factor too much, too unpredictable, which is why economists always difficult to accurately predict the causes of specific economic indices. But it is this unpredictability created a varied and colorful world.