What is the motivation?

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Motivation is an impulse that inspired by internal or external factors, to stimulate someone to achieve specific goals by certain behaviours. People usually have a strong desire to accomplish their targets when they are motivated. In workplace, motivation keeps employees being interested and committed to their jobs. 
Motivation brings benefits to an organization in many ways. Evidence shows that employees tend to put more effort on their work, as well as achieve higher levels of productivity, with right motivation strategies from the organization. Lincoln Electrics, an electric motor manufacturer, adopts incentive pay program to encourage its employees. There’s no guaranteed minimum hourly pay for the factory workers there. The wages are related to the qualified pieces they produce, which must meet Lincoln’s standards. It creates a competitive environment for the workers and pushes them to increase the productivity. It is estimated that Lincoln’s overall output is almost twice of its domestic competitors’, which helps it to earn profits even in recession years.
Motivation also helps improving the product and service quality at workplace. Motivated employees usually have more pride in the work and pay more attention to the value they create. The multinational-operating general merchandise retailer Tesco PLC employs over 500,000 people all over the world. Despite the large employee base, Tesco appreciates its employees’ uniqueness, and respects their different life styles. So it offers the employees’ a work/life balance and rewards such as flexible working, competitive salaries, company share options, etc. The motivation strategy builds high job satisfaction. Tesco’s employees feel being bonded with the company and are dedicated to maintaining the brand image by keeping improving the level of service quality. They always stay educated and well-trained to meet customer needs in their jobs, which helps to support the continued growth of the company. According to the data of 2017, Tesco has 6809 stores worldwide, when the number was 3751 in 2008. Tesco now is the leading supermarket brand in the Great Britain and occupies almost one-third of the grocery market share.
Another benefit of a good motivation system is the high level of staff retention. Successful motivation strategies are always accompanied by low employee turnover rate and high employee loyalty. For example, Starbucks offered Bean Stock since 1991. It is a program that enables Starbucks employees to share the company’s financial success. The program works in this way: If an employee keeps working for Starbucks for one year from the grant date, with no breaks, then he or she will be granted the first half of Bean Stock. If that continues for another whole year, the employee will receive the second half. Once they own the shares, they can either hold or sell them. The policy benefits not only full-time but also part-time employees. It makes Starbucks employees regard themselves as “partners” rather than just staffs, and increases the employee engagement. As a result, Starbucks keeps a relatively low employee turnover rate compared to the industry benchmark.
There are two ways to motivate employees, financial and non-financial. A financial strategy, which is commonly used by a company, usually includes pay rise, bonus, and commissions. This motivation strategy effectively increases employees’ disposable income, improves their financial status, and inspires their enthusiasm. The Starbucks case is a typical one of financial motivation. Nowadays many famous enterprises, such as GE, Apple, Alibaba, provide stock option incentive plans to encourage their employees. It turns employees into investors and lets them care about the whole operating process of their companies. 
A non-financial motivation strategy includes inspiring things besides money, such as health care plans, job rotations, company cars, or amazing work environment. It usually provides employees with sense of self respect and mental comfortableness. Google is a commendable employer of using non-financial motivation strategies. It offers employees onsite doctor and fitness center, as well as free lunch and dinner, to meet their survival needs. Google employees are free to express their opinions and ideas through different channels. They also have the freedom over when and how to complete their work. In terms of work environment, Google is famous about its unique office designs, which ensures employees’ creativity and happiness. Googlers are always close to food while every sing area of the office is no more than 150 feet far away from food sources. With these strategies, people work in Google always feel that they are respected and happy, which assures them to create remarkable values for the company.
Maslow hierarchy theory, proposed by Abraham Maslow in 1943, is a motivational theory in psychology. It divides human needs into five stages that include physiological needs, safety needs, social needs, esteem needs, and self-actualisation needs. The theory is most commonly used by enterprises to make motivation strategies. According to Maslow’s theory, employees will be motivated when they have unsatisfied needs.
As one of the world’s biggest and most famous electric companies. Sony develops its own motivation strategies from this theory. Sony offers competitive salaries to meet employees’ basic needs such as food, water, and clothes. It also provides good security system in the workplace and makes sure that there’s no discrimination between employees. In the stage of social needs, Sony allows employees to work in flexible hours and spend more time with their families. Moreover, Sony provides social interactions through team-based working environment and frequent meetings. Each opinion about work and the company is respected and welcomed, which strengths employees’ sense of belonging. Sony has a specific career development plan to meet employees’ esteem needs. Each employee has the equal opportunity to get promoted. Sony University trains Sony managers to develop their management skills. To meet employees’ self-actualization needs, Sony gives MVP awards to the employees with the best performance. It makes employees feel honoured and inspires their inner power to achieve higher goals.