马克思主义“去经济学化”现象反思--留学新西兰essay代写范文

留学新西兰essay代写范文:“马克思主义“去经济学化”现象反思”，这篇论文主要描述的是对于西方马克思主义的研究，我们最早可以追溯到马克思哲学书籍《资本论》的发表，这本书的发表也就意味着西方马克思主义有一个系统化的研究成果，对当时的社会产生了深远的影响，但是随着时间的推移西方马克思主义开始走向衰弱，特别是在政治和经济领域明显弱化，这也被学者们成为马克思主义“去经济学化”。

Western Marxism research can be traced back to the late 19th century, 60 "Capital" published in the first volume. So far, Western Marxism as a whole has been fairly fruitful research results, in academia, intellectual and political spheres have had a broad impact. However, as a Western Marxism important part - Marxist political economy early in the 20th century began to appear signs of decline. In recent years, compared to the Western Marxist philosophy and other disciplines in the prosperity of the weak position of political economy is more obvious, the author of this phenomenon is called "de-economics" and referring to the object in the study of Western Marxism, research themes, research methods and the professional aspirations and research results, and other aspects of showing the trend is moving away from political economics. Based on the analysis of Western Marxism "to the economics of the" status quo, based on the revealed "to the economics" of the causes and the study of Western Marxism adverse effects, emphasizing the Marxist theory in order to maintain the integrity of the research process to promote in-depth research and promotion, to revive the political economy of Western Marxism will be the future of the important development direction.

A Western Marxism "go economics" of the condition and performance

First, the Western Marxist philosophical research has increasingly strong colors, research results closer to the philosophy of discipline

Western Marxism from the date of birth, the philosopher has been in the majority. As the founder of Western Marxism three Lukacs, Keer Shi and Gramsci is a philosopher. Western Marxism "The whole tradition of one of the most striking fact is: professional philosophers in which accounted for an overwhelming advantage." After World War II, this situation has not been changed, then in addition to Sartre gave up academic career to become a writer, but the study of Western Marxism "All the survivors ...... have become a professional philosopher." 1950s and 1960s, when the study of Western Marxism main positions transferred to the universities, the relevant academic disciplines are mostly philosophical background. Such as the Italian Communist Party an important figure Della Volpe, who as a professional philosopher launched a broader philosophical debate. By the Merleau-Ponty (1955), Perry Anderson (1976) and Martin Jay (1984), who were listed in different historical periods of Western Marxist list of professional philosophers invariably occupy dominant position. Because of this, domestic scholars usually characterized as Western Marxist philosophy, aesthetics, political science and sociology, "Few of the Western Marxist economic theory together. Fact, too, is indeed higher than Western Marxist theorist less involved in the field of economics, "and even" special contempt even against Marxist political economy. "

Since the majority of professional philosophers researcher identity, will inevitably lead to the study of Western Marxism topics, researchmethods, language and narrative features in areas such as near the philosophical disciplines. Scroll Western Marxist literature, easy to make people of Western Marxism and Western Marxism philosophy, philosophical schools or foreign equivalent with the illusion of philosophical thought.

Second, in addition to outside philosophy. Western Marxism in culture and the arts, sociology or history and other areas of influence, far more than the political economy

Western Marxist philosophical research tendency occurred in the later 1930s. From the 1940s, when Western Marxism has gradually shifted the field of cultural criticism. After World War II, Western Marxist cultural studies to become an important tradition. Western Marxist study of culture as a central issue, is to ignore the inevitable consequences of economics and political science. In addition to the field of culture and prosperity beyond the Western Marxist sociological and historical research is also very significant. From the 1970s onwards, with the world socialist movement and Western Marxism gradually falling into the trough, the Marxist tradition of research in sociology and history has been preserved. At this stage of the U.S., environment, gender, ethnicity, social class, globalization and social issues such as new imperialism of Western Marxism important research topic. Some scholars concern in Latin America, such as Paul Baran, Andrea Frank, Cardoso and others, mainly in sociological research-oriented problems of underdevelopment. At the same time, in the history of Western Marxism has also made great progress, such as the French Annales school of history, to a certain extent by the influence of Marxist theory, and its main representatives Braudel on the "economic world" concept of Western Marxist dependency theory and world system theory have had a certain amount of inspiration. And "Marxism and integrity," a book author Martin Jay, with the perspective of historians combing the Marxist concept of integrity, trying for the whole integrity of Marxism provides a "historical balance sheet." He also emphasized that, as the historian's thinking is "not complete, uncertain and explanatory" and thus "Western Marxism is just a process of moving," is still in constant development and change among . Well-known contemporary American Marxist economic historian Robert - Brunner, then apply the Marxist class analysis and historical approach to study the history of human society and the changing of the "class struggle and the rise of modernity between the correlation of historical research. "as a very active Western Marxist, Brenner's many works, many of which are caused by the academic views and ideas of hot.

n short, Western Marxism "to the economy" phenomenon worthy of attention. Anderson back in the 1970s, the West had the tendency ofMarxist philosophy expressed confusion, that it "reversed Marx's own development track.." Today, the Western Marxist Philosophy Research tendency continues, but compared to the philosophy, culture and arts, sociology and history of the progress of science and other disciplines, research in the field of political economy seriously lagging behind. Academia must attach great importance "to the economics" and seriously reflect the reason, and to take timely and effective measures for improvement.

Second, Western Marxism "to the economics" of Causes

First, the socialist movement in the 20th century, Western European countries as well as the many failures of the anti-Marxist totalitarian forces of impact is the cause of political economy was a major snub

On the one hand, to be separated from social reality, ignoring the political economy, focusing on philosophy and other disciplines to highlight the characteristics of Western Marxism, socialism is the result of practice after being defeated. After the 1920s, the gradual consolidation of the socialist regime in the Soviet Union at the same time, Britain, the United States and other capitalist countries, the labor movement has experienced successive defeat. Dramatic increase some people's disappointment, "very few people believe that the emerging Third World will lead the global revolution," Thus, Western Marxism gradually abandoned efforts to transform the world and instead try to explain the world. They "cut it this that has, with the fight for revolutionary socialist mass movement ties", began to return to the den, turned into a "courteous squire" and "disillusioned, lost the political authority, legalistic pedant "and reversed the Marxist philosophy to politics and then by the study of economics course, economic analysis of capitalism mostly disappeared, replaced by philosophy, literature, art and ideology fields prosperity. "Marxism is not only far beyond its past intermediate level, reaching full maturity level, and most representative figures of Western Marxism is still typically the first to study the development of literature - deep into the superstructure higher field - as if to order a brilliant literary talent to compensate them for the politics and economics of the structure and foundation of neglect.. " On the other hand, anti-Marxist totalitarian forces influence, forcing Western Marxism moving away from political economics. 1930s, with the German Nazi forces, reinforced, Western Marxism had to turn to escapism problem purely academic study. Such as the study of Western Marxism as an important base for the Frankfurt Institute escape the Nazis had considered leaving the United States. In order to avoid being political revenge and gain more economic contributions, the Institute began to study philosophy, aesthetics and art and other non-social reality. The late 1940s, when the Frankfurt Institute for return to Germany, due to its important members have been promised high salaries or imposes high, they lose even more realistic theoretical studies criticize characteristics. "Western Marxism gives unrealistic political activity purely theoretical impression of the Frankfurt School has the primary responsibility of its members to form an international faction, they enjoy tenured professorship, good-paying, not subject to market poisoned by respected academic institutions, but the growing contempt for the proletariat - forgot they were supposed to support the cause of the proletariat. "Italy is roughly the case. Many Marxist or thrown into prison, or forced into exile, Western Marxism research gradually tends to silence. U.S. prevailed during McCarthyism, Marxism is as alien as against persecution, and Marx-related courses are cleared out of the classroom, people who believe in Marxism is sent to prison and some have a crush on Marxism Marxist scholars or research Faculty have been lifted, the Marxist theory becomes disappeared. In the 1980s, due to the disintegration of the Soviet socialist countries in Eastern Europe, as well as the mainstream neo-liberal economics to establish the status of Western Marxism economics once again been strongly suppressed.

Second, the dissatisfaction of the Soviet Marxist and socialist construction in the Soviet Union and other countries learn from the failure of Western Marxist economics is leading an important factor in the lack of innovation

As the opposite of Soviet Marxism, Western Marxism beginning of the birth, giving itself a special historical mission is to carry out the liquidation of the latter. They believe that the Soviet Marxism prohibits open discussion on major issues or hold different views, "blocking the communication between theory and practice change any channel" is rigid, dogmatic Marxism. However, they called the true Marxism, but to snub political economy for the price. Canadian scholar Alan Freeman in a way analysis of Western Marxism "to the economics of the" reasons, he thought of Western Marxist emphasis on philosophy, political science, sociology and aesthetics fields of heresy, while Grossman and 罗斯多尔斯基 and others challenging economic theory ignored, mainly because of the second and Third Internationals mechanistic Marxism dissatisfaction.

1950s and 1960s, thanks to the guidance of Keynesian economic theory, the Western countries ushered in the golden age of post-war economic growth. At the same time, the Soviet socialist planning system continue to show some chronic illness, major mistakes on the economic and political consequences of totalitarianism criticized by the world, "When the construction of socialism in the East is in (or is the wrong building) during the Capital capitalist system in the West is also rejuvenated, which makes people interested in Marxist economics down. "late 1980s, with the Soviet Union, Eastern Europe, the Western world once again began to attack Marxism. Some Western scholars directly declared Marxism has been destroyed, the end of the history of socialism. Because "according to the Soviet Union set itself the goal (ie, the original Marxist socialist perspective depicted) to judge the Soviet experiment should be an obvious massive failure." Some scholars believe that not only the Soviet Union, the practice of socialism in Eastern Europe has failed, but also countries such as Cambodia and North Korea, including some of the "Marxist-style socialism try to achieve" countries, without exception, have also caused "unforgivable consequences", therefore, the "committed in the name of socialism terrorist offenses under numerous, which is enough to make any attempt to pursue the socialist revolution in the 21st century, who halted the road. "worldwide Marxism once again at a low ebb, political economics research breakthroughs and innovation can not be achieved naturally.

Third, in the Western Marxist economics within the camp in order to pursue research relevance, effectiveness-oriented, utilitarian economics tend obvious limit short-term behavior of theoretical research developments in the field of political economy and innovation.

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