Medical treatment- the future--论文代写范文精选

认识到艾滋病的发生，在海洛因成瘾者失控上。尽管最初的建议,只有2005年全面实施。这篇essay代写范文的目的是审查和确定药物替代治疗的作用,以防止艾滋病毒的传播在海洛因成瘾者身上。下面的essay代写范文进行详述。

Introduction
  Managing heroin addiction can only be taken seriously as a medical issue once everyone is convinced that heroin addiction is an illness (7). Latest literature confirms that addiction is a brain disorder and categorised as a mental disorder (1). Thus, effective intervention for heroin addiction is only complete when combined with medical input (8). Understanding medical treatment for heroin addiction is not limited to whether there is medication that could cure heroin addiction. For the present, no reports could offer promise of a medication to cure heroin addicts (7). However, the same argument could be used for conditions such as schizophrenia and diabetic mellitus, as there is also no medication that promises cure for such conditions. Hence, as there is no medicine which can cure addiction at present, the next objective is to find medication which can minimise the harm caused by heroin addiction. This situation is similar to diabetic mellitus, where drugs such as insulin and other hypoglycemic agents are prescribed to minimise the harm caused by the disease.

 A New Era of Managing Heroin Addiction 
  The national drug substitution task force materialised after the realisation that the occurrence of HIV/AIDS among heroin addicts was out of control (6, 7). Although the initial suggestion was in 2000, it was only fully implemented in 2005. The objective of this task force was to review and determine the role of drug substitution treatment in order to prevent the spread of HIV among heroin addicts. Its successful implementation was mainly due to the combined efforts of the Ministry of Health, Malaysia, the universities and non-governmental organisations (NGOs) which ensured urgent implementation of the programme (7). A pilot national methadone maintenance treatment study was conducted on 1200 heroin addicts. 

  Methadone treatment was offered free by selected government and private clinics. While on methadone, the patients also attended regular counselling sessions provided by the national anti-drug task force (AADK). This was the first arrangement nationally that combined the resources of clinicians, NGOs and AADK in treating heroin addicts (5, 7). At review, the results showed that methadone maintenance therapy improved compliance to treatment programmes (7). Compliance to treatment was observed to reach as high as 80% (5). The advantages of this treatment were not confined to the retention rate only, but also in ensuring patients maintain their occupation and quality of life. Many heroin addicts reported the ability to both maintain their social and family responsibilities. 

  The cost of treating heroin addicts using a medical based approach was also found to be cheaper. For example, it cost RM 400 per month to treat a heroin addict with drug substitution therapy. On the other hand, it cost approximately RM 3000 per patient per month to manage heroin addicts for in-house rehabilitation. Another major cost would be incurred if the heroin addicts had contracted hepatitis, HIV or AIDS.

  For example, the cost of treating heroin addicts with hepatitis C was approximately RM 15,000 per month. As most of the heroin addicts could not afford to pay, there is a possibility that the cost would have been transferred to the government and this would have been a financial burden to the nation. The other advantage of methadone substitution programme was that it ensured that the heroin addicts were ready for training and counselling (7). They were offered a choice of programmes to suit their needs. They could choose to opt for either psychological counselling or spiritual based counselling. Some were also offered employment placement/training. On the other hand, it was also observed that the absence of withdrawal symptoms or intoxicating effects of heroin made the heroin addicts ready for counselling and able to concentrate on their rehabilitation programme.（essay代写)

 Conclusion 
  In recent years, the approach to heroin addiction in Malaysia has undergone various processes. In-house rehabilitation programmes were first introduced; however the reported success rates were negligible. At present, the government have introduced new policies involving medical professionals that offer more treatment options to deal with heroin addiction. The new policy involving methadone substitution therapy and counselling have been proven to be effective in treating heroin addiction and would need support and cooperation from all parties involve.（essay代写)

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