Study on poverty and homelessness

这篇essay讲诉的是有些社会学家认为现在存在的贫穷等问题与女权主义息息相关。本文主要从以下几大段落讨论社会上所存在的这些问题，并把它们和女权主义联系在一起进行讨论。

Introduction: A number social scientists studying groups of people in society argue that the problem of poverty and homelessness is closely related with feminism theory. According to the previous research, we find that different people hold different views. The thesis will have a discussion about the problem of poverty and homelessness existing in the society, combing with the help of feminism theory. The article has illustrated the theme in several paragraphs. 
  Feminism is a collection of movements and ideologies aimed at defining, establishing, and defending equal political, economic, cultural, and social rights for women. This includes seeking to establish equal opportunities for women in education and employment. A feminist advocates or supports the rights and equality of women. Feminist theory, which emerged from feminist movements, aims to understand the nature of gender inequality by examining women's social roles and lived experience; it has developed theories in a variety of disciplines in order to respond to issues such as the social construction of sex and gender. Some of the earlier forms of feminism have been criticized for taking into account only white, middle-class, educated perspectives. This led to the creation of ethnically specific or multiculturalists forms of feminism. 
  Feminist activists campaign for women's rights – such as in contract law, property, and voting – while also promoting bodily integrity, autonomy, and reproductive rights for women. Feminist campaigns have changed societies, particularly in the West, by achieving women's suffrage, gender neutrality in English, equal pay for women, reproductive rights for women (including access to contraceptives and abortion), and the right to enter into contracts and own property. Feminists have worked to protect women and girls from domestic violence, sexual harassment, and sexual assault. They have also advocated for workplace rights, including maternity leave, and against forms of discrimination against women. Feminism is mainly focused on women's issues, but author bell hooks and others have argued that, since feminism seeks gender equality, it must necessarily include men's liberation because men are also harmed by sexism and gender roles
   In reality, we may hear some people argue that people choose to be poor. From my personal opinion, I am against the argument. First, no one is willing to be poor, to suffer poverty and homelessness. The situation is determined jointly by the social and the family factors. Bases on the feminist theory, women are paid unequally as men in working place. That is to say, the social discrimination on gender has led to the poverty of women. Second, most prominent, living wage organizers embrace feminist economists' and sociologists' argument that the predominance of women in low-wage occupations is the key factor in the feminization of poverty. Women are usually regarded as the inferior group in the social status. What is worse, the women are paid less than the men even regarding the same job. The men are predominant in the social activities. They are usually characterized by maturity, poise, cleverness and responsibility. In contrast, women are subject to men. Third, no one is willing to suffer poverty and homelessness but imposed by the reality. We aim at getting happiness whatever we do. However, women are usually incapable to get what they want even if they have done pretty well. 
  Inequality of women is a main cause of their poverty, including economic, political, educational inequality. Men hold more power than women. Women don’t have same opportunities to get job. It is not because those women are willing to be poor and homerless but they are incapable to reverse the deep-rooted social prejudice on gender. Here, in order to make the view more convincing, I’d like to set my personal experience for example based on the feminist theory.. 
  The researcher-Harriet Martineau (1802-1876) acme from a bourgeois family and received the benefits and status that came with such a class distinction. However, she hopes that capitalism and industrialization would bring greater justice and opportunity. Martineau, one of the first female sociologists, did not just examine the inequality in economic system; she also pays attention to the inequality between the sexes. She studied around two points: 1, Economic and gender inequality. 2, differences in opportunities. That is to say, Harriet Martineau had attributed the poverty to two factors. Either of the two factors may be the cause of women’s poverty. The second point can not be belittled, either. The possibility of chance plays a subtle role in successful job application. That is to say, one has to apply for the same job at the right time. Based on the theory, it is a must to exemplify a case in reality to make the theory valid and reliable. As for me, I had ever applied for a job in a company. As a whole, I was outstanding among all the other applicants. So, I was very confident. I was eager to receive the notice to go to work. Nevertheless, I was so disappointed about the silence of the company. Then I had accumulated enough encouragement to send an email to the company. Then the manger called me. He told me that I was capable to take the job but they want a male employee better. And they held the view that the male were more poised in the situation of emergency and they were more mature in dealing with the trivialities at work. Hearing the reply, I was lost in helplessness. I was so confused by the reply and I think the reason was unfair for me. I was the best among the applicants. In addition, I have yearned such an opportunity for a long time. It was not easy to apply for a job which was both well-paid and interesting for me. I had been refused due to my gender. If I were a boy, they, perchance, would recruit me without any hesitation. This is the personal gender inequality in life that I have encountered. 
  So, generally speaking, the men still predominate in all kinds of the main social activities. With the development of the society, the social status of women in society has been attached significant importance. In addition, the feminist theories also have played an important role in the improvement of the situation of the women. The feminists also pay attention to the problem of the male. This is a point worth mentioning.     
Conclusion
  Through the depiction above, the readers are able to safely draw the conclusion about the factors that affect the women poverty. A point worth mentioning is that in United States, only the white men are allowed to vote even the nation thinks highly of the spirit of democracy. Enslaved people and women do not enjoy the equal opportunity for political, economical and educational involvement. So the situation exists in each nation and the only difference is the extent of the seriousness. The working discrimination over gender is still prevalent at present, and it is a rough task to deal with the situation in current life. Nevertheless, the situation will not disappear in a short time due to the long sediment of the cliché concept. We can not eliminate this situation instantly but it is still possible to reduce the inequality in working place. 
References:
1 C. Melissa Snarr(bio), Feminist and Religious Alliances in the Living Wage Movement,11-15.
2 Carl Belanger, 2012, Think Sociology: Second Canadian Edition, 35-39.    
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