The Relationships Between China and the Soviet Union

在近代，对大多数人来说,中国和苏联的关系是整个世界的焦点。他们是邻居,是强大的国家，且冷战时期，对世界各地都有一个很大的影响。本文将首先讨论中国和前苏联之间的关系。在这之后,将关注从1949年到1960年这两国之间的联系;在和谐的气氛中,两国互帮互助互利，最后讨论两国在1960年断绝合作的原因。

As it known for most people that the relationship between China and the Soviet Union is a focus for the whole world. They are the neighbors and both of them are powerful country and have a great influence across the world in the period of cold war. In addition, from 1947 to 1991, they have the same ideology for the major part of this time in fact. The relationship in this period is also subtle to some extent. This essay will firstly discuss the relationship of between the Republic of China and the Soviet Union. Following this, it will focus on the relation from 1949 to 1960; two countries had established a harmony atmosphere and they helped each other. Finally, it will discuss why they broke up their cooperation in 1960 and the ease of the bi-tension.

From 1947 to 1949, the relationship is not positive to some degree for they had some conflict. It is the beginning of the cold war and the People’s Republic of China (PRC) had not been established. The Republic of China still in power at this time. Actually, this country nearly reached its end. In March, 1947, the Soviet Union had made a reaction to American. They prepare to give the Dalian, a city which belong to China in the east of China and near the sea took up by the Soviet Union in 1897, back to China (Wikipedia, 2015). The minister of foreign affairs of Republic of China had a meet with the Soviet Union’s ambassador to China. They talked how to receive Dalian in detail. At the same time the city was controlled by the liberation army in fact so that the authorities cannot have a research in Dalian. So the action had not been carried out. Actually, this is a friendly single delivered by the Soviet Union. They want set up a better relationship but they failed at last. And the Soviet Union has nothing to do this. But the relationship of America and the Republic of China had some negative influence on the attitude from the Soviet Union to the Republic of China. At this time, the cavalryman from Mongolia made an invasion to the north of China, Sinkiang (Bulag, 2002). It caused a considerable loss for China. Hundreds of people died in this invasion. In fact, the Mongolia was controlled by the Soviet Union to some extent. This military action had enraged the Republic of China. And they made a vigorous claim to both the Soviet Union and the Mongolia. In this time, the relationship between the Republic of China and the Soviet Union had been damaged. They broke their cooperation and did not make any friendly negotiation any more. Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance was also gone to rain. Most of the items of this agreement had not been realized by the two countries.

From 1950 to 1960, the relationship between the People’s Republic of China established in 1949 and the Soviet Union is positive and world-famous. The new China released a series new policy (Fitzgerald, 1972). The Soviet Union gave the much help to the beginning of the establishment of the new China. They replace the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance by Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance (Wikipedia, 2015). The main diplomatic activities after the setup of China are the visit of Mao Zedong and Zhou Enlai to Moscow. The visit lasted for almost two months. The major aim of this meeting is to abolish the Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance and reach a new agreement. The Chinese government wanted to get some support from the Soviet Union. The new China had experienced a national war against Japan and in a bad situation. The financial support is urgent for this newborn country. After some negotiation had been made, the Soviet Union agreed to abolish the formal agreement and signed the new one Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship, Alliance and Mutual Assistance. The China got a lot of financial support from the Soviet Union including the technology and material as well as the food. However, the leaders of the two countries did not have rule out their gap so that three is a trigger for the bad consequence happen in the future.

At the beginning of the establishment of the People’s Republic of China, the Soviet Union gave a sum of $300 million loan in the form of equipment, machine and different types of materials. The interest rate is low about 1% per year. China has to pay after five years. In addition, China needed the coal and electricity at that time for the bad nature environment circumstances. And the Soviet Union also sent some engineers to help the establishment of different industry such as energy, military, raw material and the paper making. After the death of the Stalin, the Khrushchev took up the first Secretary of the Communist Party Central Committee in the Soviet Union (Chang, 1990). He wanted got the support from the Chinese communist party. He increased the financial support to China. For example, the Soviet Union used to provide outdated equipment or weeded out weapons. After the visit of Khrushchev to Beijing, they provided the latest military technology and weapons.  

From 1960 to 1991, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union had experienced a wave stage. From 1960, the relationship has deteriorated day by day. The support from the Soviet Union decreased sharply. And at the end, the support has been terminated. In 1962, the conflict happened between China and India; the Soviet supported the India instead of China (Calvin, 1962). However, China had won the war at last to some extent after a touch struggle with the help of local people and the transport advantage. And in 1969, large-scale military conflict including the Treasure Island event, two countries nearly reached the nuclear war. However, after the Gorbachev came into power. The Soviet Union took a moderate foreign policy. Two countries become close again after a series of conflicts and wars. And the China also made positive reaction. The Beijing authorities showed kindness and reputation to the advice of the Soviet Union. After the visit of Gorbachev to Beijing, the relationship becomes normal again in general.

In conclusion, the relationship between China and the Soviet Union had experienced a lot of circuitous to some extent with the interest change of the country. From the first of unfriendly reach in the Republic of China, they conflicts become serious day by day. After the setup of the People’s Republic of China, the communication of the two countries began to develop towards a good future. China has benefited a lot from this period. The industry base was lied down at this time with the help of the Soviet Union. In addition, the military power also got increased a lot such as the first nuclear weapon bombed in this time. However, not every is going to be perfect for a long time without a little change. The cooperation had been broken and fire arose in the boundary of the two countries. They blame each other for their unfriendly behaviors. It cannot be figure out who is right or wrong faced with the interest of countries. Not any person or group can be blamed for this. At last, they became closed again. However, after the disintegration of the Soviet, the relationship go to nothing at the end.

Bulag, U. E. (2002). he Mongols at China's edge: history and the politics of national unity. New York: Rowman & Littlefield Publishers.
Calvin, J. B. (1962). The China-India Border War (1962). {Quantico, VA: Marine Corps Command and Staff College.
Chang, G. H. (1990). Friends and Enemies: The United States, China, and the Soviet Union, 1948-1972. California: Stanford University Pres.
Fitzgerald, S. (1972). China and the Overseas Chinese: A Study of Peking's Changing Policy, 1949-1970. London: University Press Cambridge.
Wikipedia. (2015, April 1). Sino-Soviet Treaty of Friendship and Alliance. Retrieved May 3, 2015, from Wikipedia: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sino-Soviet_Treaty_of_Friendship,_Alliance_and_Mutual_Assistance

 

  51Due网站原创范文除特殊说明外一切图文著作权归51Due所有；未经51Due官方授权谢绝任何用途转载或刊发于媒体。如发生侵犯著作权现象，51Due保留一切法律追诉权。