Terrorism’s rising and US policy during the late Cold War

第二次世界大战以后，美国总统对抗苏联成为第一关注了。里根执政，同时是冷战时期，我们看到了苏联集团国家的激进民族主义者，这是新的力量倡议的主要特征。里根政府开始新冷战政策，这篇文章将具体讲述里根政府的政策，如何将这些政策有效影响恐怖主义，和什么样的措施应采取减少威胁恐怖主义。

Since the end of the second World War,almost US presidents put the diplomacy against Soviet for the first attention,when Reagan was in power,is also the Cold War period,when the Reagan administration was in power,they see soviet-bloc countries as the radical nationalists . The power of initiative was the main feature that on the behalf of foreign policy of Reagan administration.2so it gives Reagan administration the new strategy to the Soviet Union which is different from the part times.Reagan administration started going on a new Cold War policy,including not only policies to Soviet in third world and eastern European area.Those tough measures,changed the weakness before,which is also accelerated the decline of the Soviet Union.but also this kind of policy also caused the negative effects at the same time,not only to the American economy itself,but also makes the relationship between US and the western Europe not so close as before,so does the contradiction with the developing countries,This article will use some concrete samples to introduce Reagan administration’s policies,then how those policies had effective influence on terrorism,and what measures should be taken to reduce the threat from terrorism.

At the beginning of the second world war, the Western Europe's communist party ‘s nuclear ambitious supported by Soviet, is both a political threat and military threat.The Soviet union for eastern Europe has a far-reaching influence on American public opinion, no government could ignored.The Atlantic alliance countries keep action of anti-soviet policy is understandable.

In the United States, nationalism confused with the Soviet union at that time.In order to response to the threat, the north Atlantic treaty and the Truman doctrine of containment theory extended to Asia and Latin America.Strategic thinker at that time see the world as a giant chess, but this kind of behavior has far-reaching consequences.

In order to make the administration more convenient to use economic and military aid to fight the communist threat in the Middle East, in 1957,the congress of the US passed a resolution of the Middle East, promulgate content became the Eisenhower doctrine.Throughout the cold war, any plan the congress passed must has anti-soviet hue.

The key target of the Reagan administration‘s first time war on terror, is a central and west Asia/north Africa.US policy,remains the third world countries as giant battlegrounds and moving back on the offensive,which became well-known as the Reaganism. 3 In 1986, after a deliberate public opinion preparation, the United States forces to bomb Nicaragua, led to thousands of people dead in the country,during which it causes incurable damages to the country.However,Nicaragua did not fight by with force, but to resort to legal tools, Nicaragua took the United States to the international court.According to the suit and evidences, International court accused the USA of "the illegal use of force”,which is actions of international terrorism, at the same time instruct them to stop crime and make significant compensation.In 1985,President Reagan signed the international security and development cooperation act into the law,he praised this is "assistance for the democratic revolution in Nicaragua".4 of course,the United States announced that do not accept the judges of the international court with a contemptuous attitude,Nicaragua then appealed to the United Nations security council.The security council presented a resolution, that is,considering that the behavior of the United States,they called on all countries abide by international law.The United States vetoed the resolution with a contemptuous attitude.According to historical records, the United States is the only country rejected the UN called on all countries observe the decisions of the international law of the country.Nicaragua and then seek the support of the UN General Assembly .The United Nations General Assembly adopted a similar resolution, only  opposed by three countries,the United States, Israel and Salvador.This is everything Nicaragua could do through legal ways.

However, in a world ruled by violence, all this doesn't work.As a response to the international court and the UN’s resolutions, The United Nations escalated the war in Nicaragua, and  ordered the attack of the so-called "soft targets" publicly, namely no defense civilian targets, more heavy disaster brought in Nicaragua.This is just the excuse of "anti-terrorism", one of those many terrorism aggression cases.

Considering of Ideological and geopolitical,Reagan administration carried out a comprehensive intervention policy in Afghanistan. helped the rebels carried on military intervention activities, strengthen public propaganda, through these policies, the United States achieve the purpose of consume the power of the Soviet union in Afghanistan.

Fear of communism in the 1990 s of the cold war was replaced with another threat,which was the threat of the Persian gulf abundant with oil resource dominated by saddam hussein.But the first gulf war strengthened the power of the al qaeda, so people hate the U.S. forces.In the near end era of the cold war,the united states regard terror as a way get close to international interests. 

The most destructive consequences of the cold war, comes from the Muslim jihad.In 1978, the Soviet invaded Afghanistan, warning Carter administration, the soviets will realize their dreams to the Persian gulf.The United States provided weapons support for Saudi Arabia and Pakistan to resist the evil invaders jihad.Muslims fighting spirit was mobilized,people to fight with the Soviet union.

But after the Soviet withdrawal from Afghanistan in 1989, the Muslim warrior started looking for new targets.Training and encouraging Muslim forces against the soviets, the CIA provide comprehensive help, however,the result is contributed to the forces of bin laden and al-qaeda movement.This, could be said it is the most serious unintended consequences of the policy during the cold war.

 "911" is undoubtedly one of the most brutal terrorism crime occurred beyond the war, it is of great historical significance.For the United States,this is the first time violation and threat so close to this country,since the war of 1812, For the past hundred of years, the United States had extincted for tens millions of native residents, conqueror half the Mexico, intervened surrounding areas roughly, conquered Hawaii and Philippines, especially in the past half century, resorted force behavior extended to most parts of the world, causing countless victims.Professor Joy Gordon said the US start gulf war because there are a weapon of mass destruction in Iraq.5 This is the first time, the muzzle was turned on them.This makes US feel shocked and panic.

In recent years, country's internal political inequality eased, Spain, Britain, Indonesia, Congo (gold) realizing national reconciliation to a certain extent,, but American-based hegemonism、power politics shows no signs of easing, this will be the major form of political inequality in the future.It could be said that if the United States do not give up on the output of the western-style democracy,do not to give up unilateralism thoughts, political injustice will always exist, that terrorism will not die.

To solve economy’s unfair, international and domestic market need to provide a fair competition environment,help the weak improve their competitiveness.But the relationship between countries is very complex itself, the developed countries keep competitive advantage, think about from the perspective of maximizing profits, not willing to sacrifice their own interests to help developing countries.The direct product of this forced opening is open markets, Shepard argues, “markets are always made.” They plundered natural resources from developing countries, destroy the environment of developing countries, and then output their finished goods to developing countries, contain it growing power of national industries in developing countries.As we can imagine, with the depletion of natural resources, developing countries will be more and more poverty, and the contradiction with developed countries will be more acute.

In all the problems, involve the issue of people's thoughts problem is the most difficult to solve, because the original concept has solidified in social values, need a few generations or even dozens of generations to change those kind of values.Such as ethnic discrimination, slander phenomenon has existed since the beginning of human civilization, until now still serious.However, government could minimize discrimination degree through efforts.Such as China is a successful example.it is no longer the marker,nor the state,but culture that is said to be the dividing line between those in favor of a peaceful,civic existence and those inclined to terror. 6 Unfortunately, in order to cover control the Middle East's ambition under the banner of the war on terror, the United States government and the media have demonized Islam.

Overall, if want to solve the three main contradictions,this power in the hands of developed countries, especially in hands of the United States, the second is in the hands of countries governments.But the developed country's foreign policy, trade policy, immigration policy still has no signs of adjustment at present: they don't realize the root reason causes terrorism.They still believe the war to eliminate terrorism, but in fact, the war is to make more countries in the line of sight of terrorists