作业代写：Chinese and western religious values

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的paper代写范文- Chinese and western religious values，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了中西方宗教价值观。中国宗教的终极价值与西方基督教价值取向上的不同，产生了两种截然不同的生命价值与文化的流向，西方式的终极价值观，促成了他们资本主义在近代的胜利，而中国式的宗教价值心态，一定程度阻碍了科学文明的发展，这使得我们自19世纪开始被作为西方侵略的弱国，甚至在今天，某些价值心态还在作用着，作为中国今日现代化的障碍与阻力。

In Chinese and western civilization history, god was down one hundred times, it is strange that it often change dress again, one hundred and one times a miracle on the new historical stage, and all the people to accept the new trial. This is not only the magic of history, but also a real mystery of history and civilization. So, what are the similarities and differences between Chinese and western religious values and cultural values of different civilizations?

Because western religions attach great importance to the separation between the present world and the transcendence of the world, it inevitably leads to an absolute pursuit of transcending the world. In the absolute scale of the ultimate measure of secular life, lead to life the life value orientation, one is negative for all secular utilitarian value, this kind of attitude to the value of the secular life, after the institutionalization of Christian already sunset xishan, as a kind of cultural mentality, still tenacious performance in western culture, romantic view of life until the Sartre, heidegger's existentialism trend, show this mentality of secular life.

China's religion does not attach importance to the other side of the world, which makes the value of Chinese religion, although facing the ultimate direction, is mainly based on the present life. Therefore, the dominant tendency of value is to make the harmony between the secular and the ultimate on the basis of ethics. The so-called three immortals of "merit, speech and virtue" can be seen as the dominant character of Chinese value. This value attitude, make the Chinese has a very strong humanistic ethic tendency and keep the doctrine of the mean value of the character, and this produces the unique traditional Chinese literary intelligentsia class personality and secular royal supremacy, which makes the value of the Chinese mentality, there are few western-style sober reflection on the reality and the rational criticism, but in the real utility measure on the gain and loss, even make revolution, also with great blindness and emotional tendencies. This reappearance of the world, even as an emerging Chinese religion, is manifested in a covert way. For example, Taoism, whose transcendence is the celestial being, seems to be a world on the other side and close to western Christianity, but it is not.

In short, China's ultimate value and the western Christian religion the different value orientation, has produced two vastly different life value and the flow of culture, western terminal values, contributed to the victory of their capitalism in modern times, the Chinese religious value mindset, to a certain extent hindered the growth of science and civilization in China, the earth, which makes us since the beginning of the 19th century as the western invasion of the weak and the sick man of Asia, even today, some value mindset is still in effect, as the China of today's modern obstacles and resistance.

Western Christianity pays attention to the transcendence of the ultimate world, and holds a pessimistic view of human nature in secular life: people have original sin because of life, and human nature is evil. But this evil is not the general utilitarian sense of the absence of virtue and so on, but human nature is born imperfect, incomplete. This fundamentally deny human rationality point of view, and makes the secular human nature always embrace of a pessimistic attitude towards exclusion, thus eventually transformation of the secular human never interested and be saved.

Religion in China, because of its secular character of human nature holds a completely different attitude: beginning from the zhou dynasty think heaven reflected in the man heart, people naturally have a day of "DE", born with "virtue" and ability. Xunzi's theory of "evil", there is no denying the power people have to be good, but think desire blinded by such abilities, and desires are born, so people are "evil", but as long as the removal of desire is veiled, concept of people's ability to be good and will show up. To goodness of human nature of the ability to believe and affirmation, will be men of virtue is important questions, the Confucian personality cultivation, Taoism, Buddhism tell from good to evil "by doing" in an attempt to transcend, zen inward exercise satori. The experience and cultivation of human nature in the present world, as well as the pursuit of virtue, have given Chinese people a natural optimistic attitude towards the present life.

The west attaches great importance to the value orientation of transcending the other side of the world, which leads to the original sin of life, the present world character of Chinese religion, and the moral orientation of cultural mentality. These two values lead to two completely different ethical values.

In Chinese religion, people pay attention to their own moral character, so that the transcendence of Chinese people starts from individuals and takes the behavior and practice of individual ethics as the approach. Characteristics of this kind of beyond, on the one hand, on the basis of own heart, but must make the behavior to others, to confirm its own character, this in itself as a starting point, to others as the object, the final resting place for his own conduct the implementation of the above approach, is bound to make others and yourself mingled with each other, the process requires both the mind constantly adjust and experience, and constantly pay attention to the overall effect of the behavior, the transcendence of moral behavior, is a goal of thought, experience, the integrated dynamic system, is the unity of the dynamic system, and have strong ethical character and utilitarian tendency.

Western Christian ethical starting point, on the basis of dual split self, it leads to the endless inner conflicts and contradictions, in the western culture and western philosophers since ancient times, in order to solve the conflict and the second law of back racking their brains instead, this is the western ethical civilization, even often internal causes of crisis. But one thing, the west the binary opposition, the ethics of individual development and leasing of the poles, which makes the western ethics of contract on the one hand, there are people communication and personal sense of responsibility and sense of obligation, on the one hand, the individual's perceptual desire without breach of contract has its rationality and legitimacy. Along with the modern science and technology civilization is highly developed and the height of the social division of labor deepening, individual character life and law become the necessary premise, is this, the west has achieved the success of the industrial revolution, while China hasn't happened in out of the decisive step in the process of industrial revolution.

The religious transcendence way to China on the basis of the heart, often make secular moral goodness and ethics as the basis of people behavior choice, this makes people's behavior with more nature of moral affection, which took the nature of the common crowd. Since modern times, but the problem lies in the industrial revolution for people's behavior, with the concept of the mechanical and efficiency of the machine age, China's "gentleman for justice is not for profit" code of conduct will be conflict with this requirement. Indeed, the contradiction between righteousness and benefit, namely ? Marx weber said form of rationality in the process of human civilization and the rationality of the essence of the problem of antinomy, in order to make both achieve full harmony in the secular life, is always a dream, one can only as far as possible in the development of their own culture to coordinate the relationship between the two. For the traditional Chinese ethical attitudes, must under the yoke of moralistic and liberation, to the secular utility to a higher position and sure, this kind of transformation is the inevitable requirement of China's industrial development. At the same time, the Chinese people's choice of behavior that values righteousness over interests will also ignore and suppress the requirements and desires of the subject, which is detrimental to the full development and guarantee of human rights and individual dignity.

Unlike Chinese people, westerners pay less attention to the ability to be kind in human nature and the function of ethics in people, and more attention to individual will. This concept, from Nietzsche and Bergson to existentialism, has been elucidated in modern sense and has become a cultural hotspot.

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