机场建设如何对经济、业及旅游业产生影响？--论文代写范文

The economic and employment effects on the local and wider Kent/Estuary community consist of direct, indirect, induced and catalytic impacts. The direct impacts are the employment and economic income generated by the operation of the airport. The indirect impact consists of the employment and income generated in the chain of suppliers of goods and services to the direct activities that are located both at and in the vicinity of the airport. Induced impact can be defined as the employment and income generated by the spending of incomes by the direct and indirect employees on local goods and services. The catalytic impact constitutes all other related local economic benefits. (3)

According to the York Aviation report (2004), about 64% of on-site employment comes from airlines, handling agents and aircraft maintenance, 14% employment come from airport operators, 12% employment come from in-flight catering, restaurants and bars and retailing, 6% employment come from air traffic control and control agencies, 1% for freight and other activities such as fuel companies and ground transport operators is 3%.

The report also helps estimate the number of jobs, from the sample of 25 airports, for every 1,000 on-site jobs supported by European airports there are around 2,100 indirect/induced jobs supported nationally, 1,100 indirect/induced jobs supported regionally, or 500 indirect/induced jobs supported sub-regionally. (48)

The design capacity of Isle of Sheppey airport is 75 million annual passengers, and this suggests the ultimate creation of 75,000 on-site jobs, about 157,000 indirect/induced jobs nationally, of which 82,000 of those indirect/induced jobs will be within the region and 37,000 in the local area. These air transport employees individually will make a great contribution to the national economy and unemployment could be reduced potentially by anywhere up to 8%. 

The Isle of Sheppey forms part of the local government district of Swale. According to data from Kent Council website, 61.9% of the total population are of working age, with 2% unemployment. (46) Employment will therefore come from further afield. The advantage of the site is immediate proximity to the urban areas of Gillingham, Maidstone and Canterbury for workers, and within easy reach of London, Kent and East Sussex. Therefore staffing is not considered to be a problem.

Tourism is the one of the main element of catalytic impact, is another important economic benefit an airport can bring to the society. The Isle of Sheppey airport will attract tourism to the area and increasing income and employment businesses such as hotels, restaurants, bars and recreation. Tourism also will create indirect benefits for local related industries such as agriculture, fishing, and craft production. With the UK tourism industry directly contributing nearly 4% of GDP, the Isle of Sheppey airport will ultimately improve the living standards of residents in the wider region.

Major roads that will be partly destroyed during the expansion of the landside area includes a 1.1 mile portion of Chequers road - local ‘B’ type two-way road (B2008), which connects Minster to Eastchurch. This is shown in Figure 35. Temporary routes will be constructed during development as part of the build.

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