The British general national vocational qualification system

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- The British general national vocational qualification system，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了英国的普通国家职业资格证书制度。英国国家职业资格证书在英国已实行多年，自21世纪以来该证书开始受到许多年轻人和企业的批评，越来越多的青年人选择了A―Level考试为大学入学的考核，NVQ被认为过于狭窄而受到冷落。针对此制度实际运作中的问题，职业资格与课程委员会逐步以职业课程普通教育证书取代基础级GNVQ和中级GNVQ。通过调整进一步简化了证书等级和课程设置，使证书的评估更为便捷，同时GNVQ制度有效性和社会的实际认可度也得到了一定提高。

After the modern industry in Britain entered the information age, fordism, which emphasized the professional division of labor, gradually lost its market, and employers paid more and more attention to the flexibility of workers' skills and the mobility between posts. The British vocational education field also began to reflect and change, pay more attention to the cultivation of communication and teamwork ability in the vocational education and training.

The national vocational qualification certificate has been implemented in the UK for many years. Since the 21st century, the certificate has been criticized by many young people and enterprises. More and more young people choose a-level exam to prepare for university entrance, and NVQ is considered too narrow and neglected. Companies are increasingly demanding employees with higher levels of education and skill flexibility. The department for education and skills has decided to establish a modern academic and vocational qualification system and to seek a new vocational qualification system, the general national vocational qualification certificate.

NVQ is a narrow, targeted vocational education and training, while GNVQ mainly prepares workers for further education, focusing on the cultivation of students' general skills, knowledge and understanding. The white paper, education and training for the 21st century, states: "common national vocational qualifications must cover a wide range of vocational fields, both as preparation for employment and as a possibility for admission to higher levels of education."

GNVQ certificates are generally divided into three levels: basic level, intermediate level and advanced level.

Basic GNVQ lasts for one year. Students are required to complete 9 units of study in one year, including 3 compulsory units, 3 elective units and 3 level 1 core skills units. Students who have obtained the basic GNVQ certificate can continue to study intermediate GNVQ, or they can obtain employment directly.

Intermediate GNVQ is usually one year, and students are required to complete 10 units in one year, including 4 compulsory units, 3 elective units and 3 core skill units. Students with intermediate GNVQ certificates can continue their studies with advanced GNVQ certificates or obtain direct employment.

Advanced GNVQ usually lasts two years. Students are required to complete 15 units in two years, including 8 compulsory units, 4 elective units and 3 level 3 core skills units. Students who obtain the advanced GNVQ certificate can directly enter the employment or study in ordinary institutions of higher learning.

The framework of British GNVQ system is mainly composed of learning, support and evaluation.

GNVQ focuses on students' independent learning, and its courses include several short-term learning stages, which are gradually learned in different stages. The learning unit of GNVQ consists of occupation unit and core competence unit.

The study of GNVO mainly emphasizes the mastery of core skills, which are not narrow skills but universal, instrumental and transferable. Universality refers to the skills that may be used in multiple occupational fields; Instrumental means that these skills are closely related to real life and often used skills; Mobility refers to the ability of students to learn one kind of ability can promote the learning of other related abilities.

The so-called support refers to providing guidance and help for GNVQ students to successfully complete the courses. Before students enter the school, the school usually provides students with advices to help them prepare psychologically, enhance their self-awareness, and prevent students from being tired of learning and dropping out of school. The school will fully discuss and negotiate with students to understand their learning needs and give them some understanding of the learning content and environment. Action plan refers to the school's planning of students' study plan, initial evaluation and reevaluation.

Portfolio method is widely used in GNVQ assessment. Portfolio method is a method of assessment that emerged in the American education circle in the 1980s, and then widely adopted in GNVQ assessment in Britain. Portfolio method is to collect the representative works of students in the study of specific courses and use them as the basis to describe the daily performance of students and determine the learning level of students.

In GNVQ curriculum, the assessment method of core competence units focuses on the compilation of standards and the accumulation of evidence of learners' skills learning. The content of the test is designed according to the level rules of each element in the core competence standard. It is not necessary to select the specific standards of each element for assessment, but collect the evaluation evidence of multiple elements with one activity.

GVNQ is developed on the basis of reflection and revision of NVQ. It is more reasonable in concept, curriculum design and evaluation, and has many highlights.

GNVQ certificates are associated with specific career areas. GNVQ's core competence unit learning requires students to master skills that can be used in multiple career fields and flexibly apply them, so as to continuously construct new knowledge and skills. GNVQ requires students to pay attention to the cultivation of information technology application and interpersonal skills, improve the application ability of data processing, improve the ability of communication and coordination, information processing and evaluation and summary.

GNVQ pays attention to the initiative and participation of students. The learning process of GNVQ respects students' choices and fully communicates with them. GNVQ is aimed at students between the ages of 16 and 19, and provides a practical platform for those who do not want to participate in cultural learning.

GNVQ certificates serve as a bridge between vocational education and general education, enabling students to participate in vocational training and have access to general higher education opportunities. GNVQ system setting and adjustment, so that vocational education and general education can be converted into each other. GNVQ not only sets up NVQ certificates and courses for vocational education, but also can communicate with higher education, which helps to avoid repeated learning and waste of educational resources.

While the government continues to improve the design of its institutional framework, GNVQ still has many shortcomings. Secondary schools and universities can hardly cope with the upgrading application of common national vocational qualification. Schools need to assume the dual responsibility of teaching and evaluation, and young people need to spend a lot of time to understand the requirements and evaluation process of GNVQ. GNVQ mainly has the following problems:

In teaching assessment, students need to meet the scores of each unit within a certain qualification to obtain GNVQ certificate, but there are generally hundreds of scores for an advanced GNVQ certificate. Students are required to provide supporting materials according to these standards for teachers to evaluate, which makes the evaluation more difficult.

Due to the complicated curriculum of GNVQ, the directivity of certificate is not clear, and the actual pass rate is not high. According to statistics, at the beginning, the proportion of students who obtained GNVQ was very low and relatively concentrated in several professional fields. The low pass rate has created a gap between the actual operation of the GNVQ certificate and the original idea.

Although students can pursue higher education or choose employment after obtaining GNVQ certificate, the whole GNVQ is not directly related to vocational ability. After obtaining the GNVQ certificate, students cannot fully meet the ability requirements of enterprise employment. Although 90% of universities in the UK currently accept GNVQ certificates as admission certificates, GNVQ still fails to lead to popular majors. Because GNVQ covers a wide range of career fields, students also need to participate in NVQ training when they are employed, and their competitiveness is lower than that of employees with NVQ certificates.

In view of the problems in the practical operation of GNVQ system, the vocational qualification and curriculum committee has gradually replaced basic GNVQ and intermediate GNVQ with general certificate of vocational courses. The adjustment further simplifies the certificate level and curriculum setting, making the evaluation of certificates more convenient. Meanwhile, the effectiveness of GNVQ system and the actual recognition of the society have also been improved to a certain extent. At present, the effectiveness of these reform measures is still to be tested in practice.

In view of the exposure of some problems in practice, GNVQ also made some adjustments in its curriculum system. The GNVQ curriculum starts with 12 units, which are adjusted into 6 units, making one GNVQ course equal to two gcse a-levels, and encouraging students to choose and combine courses between GNVQ and gcse a-levels. At the same time, GNVQ curriculum system increases the proportion of external exams in the overall evaluation, and makes some adjustments to the traditional portfolio assessment method, so it is more reasonable in the course assessment.

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