Assignment代写：Economic philosophy

下面为大家整理一篇优秀的assignment代写范文- Economic philosophy，供大家参考学习，这篇论文讨论了《经济哲学》。在《经济哲学》中，作者意识到了意识形态同经济学的关系，分析了意识形态中民族主义同经济学的关系，并表达了对经济学无法从形而上学分离出去的消极态度。《经济哲学》中也展现了科学和形而上学相对立的一面，实际科学和意识形态应该是对立统一的关系，科学服务于社会，社会的存在依赖于意识形态。

Mrs Robinson believed that ideology provided a source of hypothesis for economics and morality provided a value orientation for economics. Since the metaphysical hypothesis and moral slogan could not be tested, this contradicted the scientific positioning of economics and led to economics having to move forward in contradiction.

In the first chapter of economic philosophy, Mrs. Robinson first analyzes the differences between ideological and scientific propositions. Mrs Robinson cites the example of the swan in logic to illustrate the contradiction between ideological and scientific propositions, that is, from a logical point of view, people's argument about the swan will turn from the swan itself to the argument about the classification of the swan. Metaphysics itself cannot be tested, but it provides a hypothesis for science. Mrs Robinson believed that metaphysics had always played an important role in scientific research. Mrs. Robinson also analyzed the impact of morality on the development of economics. Mrs. Robinson believed that the existence of society requires the maintenance of morality, which has a material basis, and religion, education and conscience contribute to the inheritance of morality. Only through the ethical presupposition of outlook on life can people evaluate various economic systems. It also means that morality provides the standard for evaluating economics.

It is precisely because of the important influence of ideology and morality on economics that economics can only develop forward in the efforts to get rid of the influence of metaphysics.

In her analysis of the axiology of classical economics, Mrs. Robinson questioned Adam Smith's theory that his example of hunting nations exchanging produce was not rigorous enough, because occasional swaps did not shed light on the concept of value. Mrs Robinson argues that Adam Smith's examples were written in morality, just to satisfy moral demands on the economic system.

Robinson criticized ricardian's theory of value with the example of Robinson, holding that ricardian tried to seek a fixed value scale, but ignored the basic attribute of value, that is, value is the relationship between people. Ricardian's defects in the study of value scale lead to two major contradictions of ricardian theory system.

Mrs. Robinson also criticized Marx's theory of value. She believed that Marx's theory assumed that all objects were exchanged according to their values in a fair and just manner, and that the concepts of "fairness" and "justice" were derived from morality, so "all Marx's viewpoints are somewhat metaphysical".

The utility school represented by Mrs. Robinson and valras was critical. Mrs Robinson thought that the theory of utility in its system, of course, could form a perfect circular argument with mathematical tools, but there were still big problems with the theory of utility itself. Firstly, the theory of utility advocates laissez-faire, but fails to solve the conflict between individual preferences, such as how and by whom to limit the preference that endangers the behavior of others, these problems are difficult to be solved by the theory of utility. Secondly, the theory of utility relies on the study of consumer preferences, but actually consumer preferences cannot be accurately obtained through experiments, which reduces the accuracy of the mathematical reasoning on which the theory of utility survives. In addition, neoclassical economics advocates the use of mathematical tools, but the use of algebra to describe the economic world ignores the relationships between many elements.

Mrs. Robinson highly praised Keynes's theory. She believed that Keynes's theory helped the good operation of the capitalist system, restored laissez-faire attention to long-term neglected moral problems, and at the same time, introduced the concept of time into economics and used the eye of history to look at economic problems. Mrs Robinson presented Keynes's views on full employment, inadequate effective demand, tariffs and monetary policy.

In the chapter development and underdevelopment, Mrs. Robinson pondered the problem of long-term economic growth. Mrs Robinson looks back at the traditional economic theory of long-term growth. According to ricardo, agricultural production needs to be expanded to meet the employment needs of a growing population, but ultimately the economy will stop growing because of limited natural resources. According to Marx, the value of capital per capita rises as the organic composition of capital increases, but this is not true. Neoclassical economics sidesteps the question of long-term growth. In his long-term analysis of the economy, Keynes believed that the decline of profit margin meant the demise of the rentier class and that capitalists could not use the scarcity of capital to expand their oppression. Mrs Robinson agrees with Keynes.

In the chapter "what are the rules of the game", Mrs. Robinson first criticized the nationalism in ideology, believing that nationalism is an "ideological tumor" and analyzing the relationship between traditional economics and nationalism. Mrs Robinson also analysed issues of international competition and domestic policy, eventually returning to ethics.

In economic philosophy, Mrs. Robinson realized the relationship between ideology and economics, analyzed the relationship between nationalism and economics, and expressed a negative attitude that economics could not be separated from metaphysics. Mrs. Robinson saw the opposite side of science and metaphysics, which was actually worth discussing. Science and ideology should be the relation of opposites and unity. Science serves society, and the existence of society depends on ideology.

Mrs Robinson's critique of nationalism is also misplaced. There is no basis for Mrs Robinson's belief that nationalism is an "ideological tumor". Economists have their own subjectivity, and economics serves their class. Even in today's globalized world, economics still has its national nature. Economics itself has its universality as well as its particularity.

When Mrs. Robinson criticized the theory of value, she said, "value still has no real content. Value is just a word." Value theory is an important theory to guide economic operation and make economic policy. It is inappropriate for Mrs. Robinson to criticize the theoretical significance of value from the perspective of practicality.

In the first chapter of "economic philosophy", Mrs. Robinson expressed her disdain for metaphysics, believing that the arguments caused by logic deviated from the scientific proposition itself. When criticizing Marx's theory of value, Mrs. Robinson believed that Marx's theoretical system assumed that all objects were exchanged fairly and impartially, and that fairness and justice were concepts in morality. Therefore, "all of Marx's viewpoints are somewhat metaphysical". This critical logic is itself problematic. If, according to Mrs. Robinson's logic, all economic theories are based on certain assumptions, many of which involve moral judgment, then all economic theories will appear metaphysical. It is a contradiction for Mrs. Robinson to admit the importance of metaphysics to science, but to criticize Marx's view of value by metaphysics.

In the last chapter of "economic philosophy", Mrs. Robinson expressed her negative attitude towards economics because of the problems related to moral evaluation, such as the inequity of international distribution and the inequity of social distribution in the actual economic operation. Indeed, Mrs Robinson's admission that economics is moving forward, while criticising it for its problems, is misplaced.

In her critique of the utility school, Mrs. Robinson expressed concern about the mathematization of economics. In fact, the development of mathematical tools has provided great convenience for economic research. The development of economics is more and more closely related to the development of mathematics and other disciplines. We should take a rational and tolerant attitude towards this.

In economic philosophy, Mrs. Robinson criticized and analyzed traditional economic theories, introduced the Keynesian revolution in detail, and analyzed the problems existing in the long-term economic growth and economic operation. Her research methods and perspectives have inspired us to a certain extent.

In the future economic research, we can start from the following aspects: first, we should rationally analyze the propositions of various schools of thought, learn the reasonable part, discard the unreasonable part, and do not use generalities to deny for the sake of negation; Second, we should combine the economic analysis with the value judgment organically. Third, we should analyze economic problems from a historical perspective and analyze economic problems in combination with historical events and development trends.

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