Read from beginning to end a philosophical article translated by John J.Holder

51Due教员组给各位留学生分享一篇纯原创代写范文essay，文章主要讨论在从头到尾阅读了约翰·J·霍尔德（John J.Holder）翻译的哲学文章后，我对早期佛教话语的内容有了透彻的理解。众所周知，佛教是以释迦牟尼的教义为基础的亚洲宗教，即佛陀。如何成为真正的佛陀的理论太复杂，难以理解。从本文的内容来看，我发现阅读和理解起来比我想象的要容易。最重要的是关于什么是不光彩的追求，什么是高尚的追求的问题，后者是佛教话语的焦点。要理解卑鄙追求和高尚追求的分类，显而易见的真理是主要原因，也就是说，出生、年龄、疾病和死亡——一个人一生中的所有问题，都是所有人共同的现象。

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After reading the philosophical article which has been edited with translations by John J. Holder from the very beginning to the end, I have a thorough understanding about the content of early Buddhist discourses. As we all know, Buddhism is an Asian religion based on the teaching of Siddhartha Gautama, that is, Buddha. Theories of how to become a genuine Buddha is too complicated to be understood. However from the content of this article, I find it easier than I have thought to read and understand. The most important idea is the question about what is ignoble quest and what is the noble quest, the latter is the focus of the Buddhist discourse. To understand the classification of the ignoble quest and the noble quest, the evident truth is the major reason, that is, birth, age, illness and death－all the problems of one’s life, are phenomena common to all people.

As a philosophical conception of the good life, Buddhism is the best choice beyond any shadow of doubt. Distinguishing between the ignoble quest and the noble quest is only the first step, the process to attain the quality and finally become a Buddha is easier said than done. Because you should learn truth or law that affects the whole universe, not “lip service or repetition”(p.6). In my opinion, the way of thinking is hard and long, you have got where you are after having gone through all those hardships. The ultimate aim is to save the living souls from the sea of misery, just like the teachings of Mahayana Buddhism which is one of the two major forms of Buddhism. The crucial step is to help people abandon “five types of sensual pleasure”(p.15), that is, eye, ear, nose, tongue and body pleasures.

From the whole discourse, I have some doubts about why India exists caste which means the division of society. As the birthplace of Buddhism, India believes in Buddhism with devout reverence. In the Buddha’s eyes, all living beings are equal. The purpose is to save all living beings from calamities because the living beings are like“blue, red or white lotuses”(p.11) and emerge unsullied from the filth.But Brahmin is considered the highest, originally that of priests in India. I guess perhaps the reason is to attain an ethical transformation easier than other people, Brahmin enjoys the highest privilege.

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